BRAZIL. 



The value of exports from Brazil is repre- 

 sented by the following amounts in thousands 

 of milreis : 



Coffee shipments from the two leading Bra- 

 zilian ports, Rio de Janeiro and Santos, were 

 as follows, during the twelve months from 

 July 1 to June 30 : 



The sugar and cotton exportation from Per- 

 nambuco have been as follows: 



The export of cotton-seed amounted in 1886 

 to 2,175 tons. During the first six months of 

 1887 the export of India-rubber from Para 

 amounted to 6,331 tons, of which 2,810 tons 

 went to Liverpool, 289 to Havre, and 3,232 to 

 New York. The India-rubber crop of the fis- 

 cal year 1886-'87 yielded 13,390 tons, being 

 390 in excess of the previous fiscal year. 



Mate Exportation. The export of mate, or 

 Paraguay tea, from Brazil, is assuming large 

 proportions. The movement from these prov- 

 inces was as follows : 



The annual average export of the preceding 

 three seasons was only 12,440,000 kilogrammes, 

 worth $712,000. 



The American trade with Brazil exhibits 

 these figures : 



Coffee. In May, 1879, Dr. Martinho Prado 

 bought a coffee-plantation at Ribeirao Preto, in 

 the province of Sao Paulo, then only having 

 20,000 coffee-shrubs on it, and there organized 

 free labor. In 1886 and 1887 the same estate 

 produced between 900,000 and 1,600,000 kilo- 

 grammes of coffee per annum. The men em- 

 ployed number 1,000, and are for the most part 

 Italians. 



Trade-Marts. During 1886 the "Junta Com- 

 mercial," of Rio, registered 139 industrial and 

 72 commercial trade-marks, together 211, of 

 which 126 were entered by Brazilians and 85 

 by foreigners. Of the latter 28 came from 

 England, 27 from France, 8 from the United 

 States, 4 from Germany, 3 from Italy, 3 from 

 Portugal, and from Switzerland and Holland 

 one each. 



Railroads. On May 1, 1887, there were in 

 operation in Brazil 7,929 kilometres of rail- 

 way, 1,832 kilometres thereof being the prop- 

 erty of the Government. There were 1,631 

 kilometres building, and additional concessions 

 for 3,656 kilometres had been granted. Dur- 

 ing the first four months of 1887, 260 kilometres 

 were thrown open to traffic. The Brazilian 

 railroad system is in part the property of the 

 General Government, partially of provinces and 

 partially of Brazilian and English companies, 

 only one company being French. The Minis- 

 ter of Public Works has adopted and submitted 

 to Parliament the plan of his predecessor in 

 office to complete the Brazilian railroad sys- 

 tem. As the latter exists at present, most of 

 the lines run from the coast in a westerly di- 

 rection inland. The Prado plan proposes to 

 fill certain gaps from the north southward, and 

 to use, wherever feasible, the navigable rivers, 

 so that, when the extensions and branch lines 

 shall have been built, there will be communi- 

 cation by rail and water between the northern 

 and southern extremities of the empire. 



The five tramway lines of the city of Rio 

 conveyed in 1886 altogether 40,496,000 pas- 

 sengers, being at the rate of 111,000 a day, or 

 about one third of the population of the capi- 

 tal. There are also three suburban lines which, 

 in 1886, conveyed 155,000 passengers. 



The apparatus and rolling-stock for an elec- 

 tric tramway is expected at Rio. The trials 

 made with it at Brussels proved entirely suc- 

 cessful. Accumulators of the Julien patent are 

 used ; the speed will be 18 kilometres an hour, 

 and each car is to convey 50 passengers. 



The Princess-Regent, on July 2, opened the 

 exhibition of Brazilian railroads. 



Steamer Lines. The Government subsidizes 

 14 steamship lines, one of which plies between 

 Rio de Janeiro and New York. The Govern- 

 ment aid extended to the 14 lines named in- 

 volved, in 1886, an expenditure of $719,000. 



Lighthouses. Brazil possessed, early in 1887, 

 59 lighthouses ; one of them inland on the 

 Amazon river. The finest of them is on Raza 

 Island, at the entrance to the Bay of Rio de 

 Janeiro, measuring 96 metres in height, and 



