CITIES, AMERICAN". (KINGSTON, KNOXVILLE, Los ANGELES.) 



123 



apolis, Decatur, and "Western and the Louis- 

 ville, New Albany, and Chicago. Its railroad 

 facilities give it great advantage as a distribut- 

 ing center, and the Belt railroad system handles 

 half of the 4,000 cars used daily, outside the 

 city. All parts of the city are connected by 

 a street-railway transfer system, and several 

 cable-lines connecting suburbs are projected. 

 The erection of a new State house, after ten 

 years' labor, and at a cost of $2,000,000, and 

 the Union Passenger Station, at a cost of $250,- 

 000, indicate the recent growth of the city. The 

 development of natural-gas fields in close prox- 

 imity to the city has given manufacturing in- 

 terests a prodigious impetus, and numerous 

 concerns, em ploying millions of dollars of cap- 

 ital and thousands of persons, will probably 

 move from other cities to Indianapolis if fa- 

 cilities for using the gas are effected. The 

 tax duplicates show the value of the real and 

 personal property to be in excess of $50,000,- 

 000. The amount of capital invested in manu- 

 facturing is $16,000,000, employment is given 

 to 15,000 persons, and annually $30,000,000 

 worth of goods is produced. The principal 

 manufacturing interest is that of iron goods; 

 but upholstered goods and furniture are also 

 extensively manufactured. The grain-trade is 

 mainly the growth of the past ten years, and 

 the several elevators have an aggregate capaci- 

 ty of 1,000,000 bushels. The stock-yards have 

 also been a recent growth, and transact a busi- 

 ness of great magnitude. They have a capacity 

 of 4,000 head of cattle and 35,000 hogs and 

 sheep. The receipts annually are : Hogs, 1,068,- 

 387; cattle, 961,698; sheep, 120,389; horses, 

 16,158. Half of these receipts are consumed 

 by local packers. 



Kingston, the shire town of Ulster County, 

 N. Y., the tide-water terminus of the Dela- 

 ware and Hudson Canal, the eastern terminus 

 of the Ulster and Delaware Railroad, and the 

 northern terminus of the Wallkill Valley Rail- 

 road. It is picturesquely situated at the foot 

 of the Catskill mountains, on the west bank 

 of Hudson river, 88 miles north of New York 

 and 54 miles south of Albany. The West Shore 

 Railroad passes through the city, which is a 

 point of departure for the Catskills and the 

 Stony Clove Notch. The streets are wide, 

 well paved, and lighted by electricity and gas. 

 The abundant water-supply is brought by grav- 

 ity from the Catskills, seven miles distant. 

 Horse-cars and a cheap cab system connect the 

 most distant points of the place. The city is 

 bounded by Esopus creek on the north, the 

 Hudson on the east, and the Rondout on the 

 south, and next to Albany is the most impor- 

 tant shipping-point on the Hudson. The prin- 

 cipal shipments are coal, cement, brick, blue- 

 stone, ice, lime, hoops, hides, woodenware, 

 butter, milk, and fruit. Boat-building is car- 

 ried on extensively, and large manufacturing in- 

 terests are being established. The value of 

 bluestone shipped in 1887 was $2,000,000, 

 and 60,000,000 bricks were manufactured and 



shipped between the opening and close of nav- 

 igation in 1887, and during the same period 

 between 2,000,000 and 3,000,000 barrels of hy- 

 draulic cement were shipped. A new city 

 hall has recently been erected. Kingston Acad- 

 emy, founded in 1784, Ulster Academy, Hill- 

 side Seminary, and several public schools are 

 crowded with pupils. Nearly 500 buildings, 

 principally private residences, have been erected 

 since Jan. 1, 1887. 



Knoxvillo, the third city in size in Tennes- 

 see, on the Tennessee river, in the center of 

 the famous fertile valley of East Tennessee, 

 250 miles east of Nashville. The population 

 in 1880 was 9,639; in August, 1887, by actual 

 enumeration, it was 37,026. Since that time 

 the population has increased at the rate of 

 1,000 a month, owing to the development of 

 coal and iron mines, opening of marble quar- 

 ries, erection of large manufactories, and the 

 building of new railroads. In August, 1887, 

 the city of Knoxville voted $500,000 to the 

 stock of two new railroads one, the Powell's 

 Valley, to the Cumberland Gap coal-fields, 

 where is found the finest coking coal ; and 

 the other the Knoxville Southern, southward 

 through exhaustless beds of magnetic iron-ore. 

 In October, 1887, the city voted another $100,- 

 000 to the stock of the Carolina, Knoxville, and 

 Western Railroad, a line from Knoxville to the 

 sea at Port Royal. Railroads now come into 

 Knoxville from eight directions, and the city 

 is connected with all the railroad systems of 

 the South. Knoxville is one of the principal 

 wholesale trade-centers of the South, having 

 an annual business of $36,000,000. In 1880 the 

 capital invested in manufacturing was $886,- 

 900, employing 881 hands. In 1887 the amount 

 of capital in manufacturing was $5,783,000, 

 and the number of hands employed 5,786. The 

 principal manufactories are iron-mills, marble- 

 mills, zinc-works, lumber-mills, cotton-mills, 

 woolen-mills, car-wheel foundries, car-facto- 

 ries, soap-factories, furniture-factories, tanner- 

 ies, stove-foundries, and wagon-factories. In 

 all, Knoxville has 150 manufacturing establish- 

 ments. In 1886 a new court-house was com- 

 pleted at a cost of $200,000; also the East 

 Tennessee Hospital for the Insane, at a cost 

 of $275,000, an opera-house costing $60,000, 

 and a public library costing $50,000. The 

 United States Custom-House and Post-Office 

 is built of East Tennessee marble, and cost 

 $500,000. 



Los Angeles, the county-seat of Los Angeles 

 County, Cal., on the Los Angeles river, 482 

 miles from San Francisco, 13 miles from the 

 ocean. The population in 1870 was 8,000; in 

 1880, 11,183; in 1887, estimated at 70,000. 

 Six railroads have their terminal points in the 

 city, besides several motor-roads, which run 

 from five to fifteen miles into the suburban dis- 

 tricts. Several other line's are making Los 

 Angeles their objective point. Horse -car 

 tracks are laid in the principal streets, and 

 there are also two cable-roads and two electric 



