CITIES, AMERICAN. (NEWPOKT.) 



125 



tude 45 31' north, longitude 73 35' west, at 

 the head of ocean navigation, on the river St. 

 Lawrence, and near the junction of that river 

 with the Ottawa. The population, which, ac- 

 cording to the Government census of 1880, 

 was 140,747, is now, according to a civic 

 census taken in 1887, 191,000, the increase 

 heing partly due to the annexation of sub- 

 urban municipalities. About three fifths of 

 the inhabitants are French Canadians, and the 

 remainder are chiefly of British extraction. 

 The most important public work undertaken 

 for the benefit of Montreal is the deepening of 

 the ship-channel between that port and Que- 

 bec. This work, begun in 1851, at which time 

 no ships drawing more than eleven feet could 

 pass through Lake St. Peter, was completed in 

 in 1887 ; the channel now being deepened to 27 

 feet. This port is also the termination of the 

 St. Lawrence system of canals. The comple- 

 tion in 188(5 of the Canadian Pacific Railway 

 has given a great impetus to the development 

 of Montreal, which was already an important 

 railway center. The boot and shoe, the to- 

 bacco, and the cotton factories, and the loco- 

 motive and car building works, are among the 

 chief industries. At present building opera- 

 tions are going on at an unprecedented rate. 

 In 1873 the assessed value of real estate in the 

 city was $63,561,150; in 1885 it was $90,220,- 

 475. Among the most conspicuous architect- 

 ural additions in recent years are the City 

 Hall, the Windsor Hotel, and St. Peter's (Ro- 

 man Catholic) Cathedral. The latter building, 

 which is approaching completion, is closely 

 modeled after St. Peter's at Rome. A fine 

 drill hall has recently been erected. The Cana- 

 dian Pacific Railway has constructed a new 

 cantilever bridge across the St. Lawrence at 

 Lachine, near Montreal, and a grain-elevator 

 in the harbor. Fine terminal stations are also 

 in course of erection for the Grank Trunk and 

 Canadian Pacific Railways. The universities 

 of McGill College and Laval, and the schools 

 of medicine of the universities of Bishop's 

 College and Victoria, make Montreal the chief 

 educational center of the Dominion. Laval 

 University is now erecting a college which 

 will be one of the finest buildings in Canada. 

 Mount Royal was converted into a public park 

 in 1874, the natural appearance of the mount- 

 ain being preserved as much as is consistent 

 with the convenience of visitors. Large sums 

 have been spent in the construction of the 

 roads. The commerce of the port is seriously 

 affected by the annual closing of navigation. 

 The last vessel generally leaves for sea between 

 November 20 and the end of the month, and 

 the first vessel from sea generally arrives about 

 the end of ApriL During the season of 1885 

 there arrived 629 sea-going vessels, of 683,854 

 tonnage, and 5,003 inland vessels, of 724,975 

 tons. In 1875 the number of sea-going ves- 

 sels was larger, 642, but the tonnage was 

 less, 386,112. The number of inland vessels in 

 1875 was 6,148, the tonnage 811,410. There 



is a wide range of temperature in Montreal. 

 In 1885, for instance, the maximum was 87'1 

 on July 17, and the minimum 21-3 below 

 zero on January 22. Snow falls on about 85 

 days in the year, and the annual snowfall 

 averages 122 inches. Montreal is most favor- 

 ably situated for drainage, but maintains a 

 somewhat high death -rate, partly through 

 lack of sanitary education among the masses, 

 and partly due to an abnormally high birth- 

 rate among the French Canadians. A good 

 system of main-sewers has lately been con- 

 structed, and Montreal was the first city on 

 the continent to dispose of scavengering refuse 

 and night-soil by cremation. 



Newport, Campbell County, Ky., an incorpo- 

 rated city, on the south bank of the Ohio river, 

 opposite Cincinnati, and immediately above the 

 mouth of Licking river. The first settlement, 

 where the city now stands, was made in 1791. 

 The population in 1850 was 5,895 ; in 1860, 

 10,046; in 1870, 15,087; in 1880, 20,433; in 

 1887, about 27,000. The city is well laid out 

 and handsomely built, on an elevated plane, 

 rising somewhat as it recedes from the river. 

 The many fine residences are embowered in 

 trees. The suburbs, especially the district 

 called the Highlands, a mile and a half from 

 the center of the city, are noted for fine resi- 

 dences and picturesque grounds. Newport is 

 largely occupied as a place of residence by 

 persons whose business is in Cincinnati. The 

 water-works, several miles above on the Ohio 

 river, furnish an abundant supply of water 

 remarkable for its purity and clearness. It is 

 allowed to settle in immense reservoirs before 

 it is run into the mains. The city is lighted 

 with gas, and several fine roads radiate from 

 it. Two* large steam ferry-boats ply between 

 Newport and Cincinnati ; and there is also a 

 magnificent iron bridge connecting the cities 

 for ordinary travel, street-railways, and rail- 

 road trains. A new iron truss and pier bridge 

 connects Newport and Covington, over which 

 a street-railway passes through Covington to 

 Cincinnati. A street-railway connects New- 

 port and the suburban towns of Bellevue and 

 Dayton. The Louisville, Cincinnati, and Lex- 

 ington Railroad passes through, and the Eliza- 

 bethtown, Lexington, and Big Sandy Railroad 

 is now in process of construction through the 

 city. There are four large and commodious 

 school-houses and five smaller ones, one of 

 which is devoted to the instruction of the colored 

 children. Newport has a rolling-mill, employ- 

 ing 500 men ; a nut and bolt works, employ- 

 ing 250 ; iron and pipe works, employing 500 ; 

 stove - works, employing 150; a watch-case 

 manufactory, with 750 employes, besides saw- 

 mills, shoe-manufactories, and various other 

 works. There are two national banks in 

 the city, a United States arsenal and military 

 post, and sixteen churches ; a daily paper, a 

 tri-weekly, and two weekly papers are pub- 

 lished. The principal courts of the county 

 are held in the fine new court-house. 



