CITIES, AMERICAN. (POBTLAJTD, QUEBEC, QFINCY.) 



127 



soda-ash, and 2,000,000 laths and shingles. 

 Exported, 1,000 bales of cotton, 50 tons of 

 scrap-iron, 110 tons of fertilizer, and 150 tons 

 of bone. The industries are varied. There 

 are over 600 establishments that employ labor, 

 and the number of employe's is about 15,000. 

 The Conant Thread-Works, with a capital of 

 $2,000,000, employs 2,200 hands; the Dunnell 

 Print- Works, 450 hands; the Union Wadding- 

 Works, 250 ; and D. Goff & Son's plush and 

 braid mill, 300. The total number of cotton 

 and woolen industries is 28. The first cotton- 

 manufactory in the United States was estab- 

 lished in Pawtucket by Samuel Slater. 



Portland, the chief city of Oregon, on the 

 Willamette river, twelve miles above the con- 

 fluence of that stream with the Columbia, 

 and 120 miles from the ocean. Portland was 

 founded in 1847. It is the chief commercial 

 city of the vast region drained by the Columbia 

 river and its tributaries, and is the depot of a 

 Lirge mineral country including extensive gold 

 and silver mines. It is the center of a large 

 inland (steamboat) navigation system, the ter- 

 minus of three transcontinental railroads, and 

 the center of the railroad system of the Pa- 

 cific Northwest. Ships ascend the Columbia 

 and Willamette rivers to Portland from the 

 sea, and the shipments of grain, flour, lumber, 

 salmon, and wool are very large. The direct 

 exports by sea to foreign countries of the prod- 

 ucts of Oregon and Washington Territory from 

 Portland reached in 1887 nearly $20,000,000. 

 The city does a wholesale and jobbing trade 

 amounting to $45,000,000 a year. It contains 

 twenty - six churches ; its public and other 

 schools are attended by 9,000 children, and 

 with its suburb, East Portland, which lies just 

 opposite, across the Willamette river, it con- 

 tains 45,000 inhabitants. 



Quebec, a city on the left bank of St. Law- 

 rence river, which here receives the St. Charles, 

 400 miles from the mouth, 180 miles northeast 

 of Montreal. The population in 1871 was 

 59,699; in 1881, 62,446. Five railways con- 

 nect Quebec and the provinces, three of which 

 have their terminus in Levis, a town of 13,000 

 inhabitants on the south side of the St. Law- 

 rence opposite the city, while the other two 

 enter the city. Ferries cross the river every 

 fifteen minutes in summer, and every half- 

 hour in winter, when there is no ice-bridge. 

 Horse cars run through the principal streets. 

 There are a parliament and departmental build- 

 ing costing $1,200,000, and a court-house cost- 

 ing $800,000. Graving-docks, situated at St. 

 Joseph's, .three miles below Quebec on the 

 south shore, costing $500,000, have recently 

 been built. A harbor is in course of construc- 

 tion which will cost $4,000,000. The lumber- 

 ing interests of this ancient port have fallen off 

 50 per cent, within the past ten years. The 

 number of arrivals from sea in 1876 was 987, 

 and the clearances 976 ; in 1886, 501 entered, 

 and 484 cleared. The manufacture of boots 

 and shoes has increased to a large extent of 



late, and at present there are 18 factories 

 employing 7,000 operatives, and 34 tanneries, 

 employing 800. Capital to the amount of 

 $18,000,000 is invested in these two industries. 

 Gas and electricity have to some extent been 

 substituted for steam-power. The city was 

 lighted by electricity in 1887. The Quebec 

 and Charlevoix Railway is in course of con- 

 struction. 



Quiucy, the capital of Adams County, 111., 

 and the second city in size in the State. It is 

 on a limestone bluff 130 feet high, on the 

 eastern bank of the Mississippi, 160 miles north 

 of St. Louis, and 264 miles south of Chicago. 

 The streets are regularly laid out, three miles 

 in length from north to south, and two and 

 three quarter miles from east to west. In the 

 business portion they are well paved and have 

 numerous fine business blocks. In the resi- 

 dence portion many of the streets are bordered 

 on each side by stately shade-trees. Hand- 

 some residences are numerous, surrounded by 

 large, well-kept lawns. The streets are lighted 

 by electricity. Water is supplied through 25 

 miles of mains from a reservoir with a capacity 

 of 20,000,000 gallons at an elevation of 229 

 feet, giving an average pressure in the city 

 of 40 pound?. The reservoir is supplied by 

 two pumps 2| miles from the reservoir, which 

 draw their water from the channel of the 

 Mississippi. Six miles of street-car line traverse 

 the streets. The population, by the census of 

 1880, was 27,300. The present population i* 

 estimated at 37,000, about 7,000 of which are 

 foreigners, the major part being Germans, and 

 about 1,500 colored. Quincy has four parks, 

 and two miles east of the city are the fair- 

 grounds. Two miles north from the business 

 center is the Illinois Soldier's and Sailor's 

 Home, which has a fine wooded tract of 140 

 acres. This home, when completed according 

 to present plans, will be one of the most beau- 

 tiful in the country. The State has already ap^ 

 propriated $606,500. Seventeen buildings are 

 now completed and others are in course of 

 construction. All the buildings are connected 

 by a tunnel 2,500 feet long with a ventilating 

 shaft 135 feet high. The total number of in- 

 mates is 509. The capacity when all the build- 

 ings are completed will be 1,000. Quincy has 

 a fine court-house of stone, surrounded by a 

 beautiful park built at a cost of $300,000, a 

 new Federal building just completed at a cost 

 of $230,000, and there are in course of construc- 

 tion a city hall which will cost $100,000, and a 

 hotel to cost $140,000. The city has an exten- 

 sive trade which it distributes by seven lines 

 of railroad and the Mississippi river. The 

 commercial interests are represented by 1,313 

 different firms with a capital of $10,300,500. 

 The more important manufactories are 6 stove- 

 foundries with a capital of $1,000,000 ; 6 ma- 

 chine-shops, capital $300,000 ; 5 carriage and 

 wagon factories, capital $400,000 ; 5 flouring- 

 mills, capital $400,000; 9 ice-houses, capital 

 $450,000 ; 27 cigar-manufactories, capital $500,- 



