130 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (SHEEBROOKE, STOCKTON, TORONTO.) 



city. Its important industries are : locomotive 

 works, employing 1,200 men ; the Westing- 

 house Agricultural Works; and the Edison Ma- 

 chine-Works, which removed to Schenectady in 

 1886. These works occupy extensive build- 

 ings and employ 1,000 men. The Gilbert Car- 

 Works is also a recent and important industry. 

 There are also several knitting-mills, a shawl- 

 factory, hay-wire factories, and other minor 

 factories, and mills. The city is supplied with 

 water from Mohawk river by its own system 

 of water- works. The streets are lighted with 

 electricity, as are also the public buildings and 

 many of the stores and private dwellings. 

 Horse-cars run upon the main street. Union 

 College is located here. A new depot of fine 

 design has been erected by the New York Cen- 

 tral Kailroad, and a city hall has been built and 

 given to the city by one of its residents. The 

 city is very compactly built, and in the old 

 part may still be found many traces of its 

 Dutch origin. The population in 1880 was 

 13,675. Since that time its growth and im- 

 provement have been more marked than in any 

 other period of its history, and its population 

 is now estimated at 20,000. 



Sherbrooke, a city of the province of Quebec, 

 Canada, on the rivers Magog and St. Francis. 

 It is the capital of the Eastern Townships, the 

 designation given to that part of the province 

 which lies south of the river St. Lawrence. It 

 is 101 miles east of Montreal, and 121 miles 

 southwest of Quebec. The population, about 

 9,000, is composed of English and French 

 speaking races, the French largely predomi- 

 nating. It is the terminus of the International, 

 Passumpsic, Waterloo and Magog, and Quebec 

 Central Railways, and is connected both eastand 

 west by the Grand Trunk Railway. A new 

 connection will shortly be made by the exten- 

 sion of the Canadian Pacific Railway through 

 the city to the maritime provinces. Sher- 

 brooke possesses magnificent water-power, de- 

 rived from the fall of the river Magog, which 

 here descends 120 feet, within half a mile, to 

 the St. Francis. The city is the seat of a 

 Roman Catholic bishop, and contains a cathe- 

 dral and bishop's palace and two district 

 churches of the same denomination, 2 Anglican 

 churches, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 

 Congregational, and a Baptist church will soon 

 be erected. All criminal and civic cases 

 within the district of St. Francis are tried here. 

 The main industry is the manufacture of 

 woolen goods, one firm alone employing be- 

 tween 500 and 600 people and paying out an- 

 nually in wages over $140,000. There are also 

 saw-mills, iron-foundries, machine-shops, snath, 

 bobbin, corset, and other factories. There are 

 13 hotels and 4 newspapers, two English and 

 two French. The public schools are under the 

 direction of two boards of trustees, one Protes- 

 tant and the other Roman Catholic. There is 

 a large Roman Catholic hospital here, and the 

 land has been purchased for a similar institu- 

 tion by the Protestants. The export trade to 



the United States is considerable, the entries 

 made through the United States consulate 

 amounting to about $1,000,000 a year, princi- 

 pally lumber, pulp, asbestos, and live-stock. 

 The city is well supplied witli gas and water, 

 is the center of a good agricultural district, and 

 is growing rapidly. 



Stockton, the county-seat of San Joaquin 

 County, Cal., on an arm of San Joaquin river, 

 three miles from the main stream. It is 92 

 miles from San Francisco by rail, and 120 by 

 water. Horse-car tracks arc laid in the prin- 

 cipal streets, and an electric-motor railroad 

 will soon be in operation. A new agricultural 

 pavilion, costing $60,000, was completed in 

 September, 1887, and is the finest structure of 

 its kind west of the Rocky Mountains. A 

 granite court-house is in process of erection 

 at a contract price of about $300,000. Stock- 

 ton is emphatically a city of churches, the fol- 

 lowing denominations being represented by 

 commodious and well-built edifices : Roman 

 Catholic, 1 ; Episcopal, 1 ; Congregational, 2 ; 

 Baptist, 2 ; Methodist Episcopal, 2 ; Methodist 

 Episcopal (South), 1 ; Lutheran, 1 ; Presbyte- 

 rian, 1 ; Cumberland Presbyterian, 1 ; German 

 Reformed, 1 ; German Methodist, 1 ; Latter- 

 Day Saints, 1 ; Christian, 1. The public schools 

 are as good as any in the State, and the graduates 

 of the high-school are admitted to the State Uni- 

 versity on the recommendation of the principal 

 without examination. Stockton is one of the 

 leading wheat-markets of the Pacific coast, 

 and there are warehouses here having an aggre- 

 gate capacity of over 100,000 tons. It is the 

 natural commercial center of a fine agricultural 

 district. Among the numerous manufactures 

 are two flouring-mills, each having a daily ca- 

 pacity of 1,500 bbls., two combined harvester- 

 works, a wheel-and-axle faciory, a paper-mill, 

 a woolen-mill, two carriage-factories, three 

 foundries, and several planing mills. The 

 population in 1880 was 10,287. in 1887 it was 

 estimated at 18,000. 



Toronto, a city, port of entry, and the capi- 

 tal of Ontario, Canada, county-seat of York 

 County, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, 

 310 miles southwest of Montreal, and 528 

 miles northwest of New York. Latitude, 43 

 39' north ; longitude, 79 21' west. Popula- 

 tion in 1861, 44,821; 1871, 56,092; 1881, 

 77,034 ; 1886, 111,800 ; 1887, 118,403. The bay 

 south of the city is formed by an island, and is 

 about three miles long and two miles wide. The 

 river Don, which falls into the bay on the east, 

 is now being straightened and made navigable, 

 so that it will form part of the harbor, at an 

 expenditure of over $300,000. The corpora- 

 tion limits, which have been much extended 

 by annexation of late, include 9,858 acres, or 

 15f square miles, as compared with 5,000 acres 

 in 1871. The assessed value of real and per- 

 sonal property (not counting stocks in public 

 companies) in 1875 was about $46,000,000; in 

 1885, $65,119,702; in 1886, $68,377,508; in 

 1887, $78,288,226; in 1888 (estimated), $93,- 



