EGYPT. 



239 



kilometres. Outside of the valley and delta of 

 the Nile, it comprises the Governments of Kos- 

 seir, on the Red Sea, El Arish, in Syria, and the 

 isthmus of Suez on the east, and on the west 

 the oases of the Libyan Desert. A great part 

 of the surface is uninhabited, except by nomads. 

 The population of the administrative divisions, 

 with their area in square kilometres, according 

 to the census taken on May 3, 1882, is as shown 

 in the table on the preceding page. 



The areas given include only the lands that 

 are surveyed and taxed. The population is 

 divided into 3,401,498 males and 3,415,767 fe- 

 males. There are 246 inhabitants per square 

 kilometre. The sedentary population in 1882 

 was 6,479,850 ; the nomadic and semi-nomadic 

 Bedouins, 246,529; foreigners, 90,886. The 

 alien population included 37,301 Greeks, 18,- 

 665 Italians, 15,716 French, 8,022 Austrians, 

 6,118 British subjects, 948 Germans, 637 Bel- 

 gians, 589 Spaniards, 583 Russians, 412 Swiss, 

 323 Servians, Roumanians, and Montenegrins, 

 221 Dutch, 65 other Europeans, 183 Ameri- 

 cans, and 1,153 Persians and other Asiatics. 



The population of the chief cities in 1882 

 was as follows : Cairo, 374,838, including 21,- 

 650 foreigners ; Alexandria, 227,064, including 

 48,672 foreigners; Damietta, 34,044; Tanta, 

 33,750; Assiout, 31,575; Mehalla-el-Kobra, 

 27,823; Mansonrah, 26,942; Fayoum, 25,799; 

 Damanhour, 23,353 ; Zagazig, 19,815 ; Rosetta, 

 16,666; Port Said, 16,560 ; Menouf, 16,293; 

 Chibrin-el-Kom, 16,250. 



Commerce. The average annual value of the 

 merchandise imports between 1879 and 1883 

 was 7,127,152 Egyptian pounds, and the average 

 value of exports 12,483,792 Egyptian pounds 

 (E1=$5). During that period there was an 

 annual net importation of specie averaging 

 2,381,596 Egyptian pounds. The commercial 

 movement for the three years following 1883 

 has been as follows, the values being given in 

 Egyptian pounds: 



Of the total value of the imports in 1886 

 E3,552,000 came from Great Britain and her 

 colonies, E883,000 from France, E1, 328,000 

 from Turkey, E445,000 from Russia, E910,- 

 000 from Austria-Hungary, E270,000 from 

 Italy, and E460,000 from other countries, in- 

 cluding E(i3,000 from America. Of the ex- 

 ports E6,422,000 went to Great Britain, 

 E907,000 to France, E378,000 to Turkey, 

 E1,046,000 to Russia, E598,000 to Austria- 

 Hungary, E592,000 to Italy, E187,000 to 

 other countries, including E21,000 to America. 

 Of the imports E6, 73 1,749 and of the exports 

 E9,866,022 passed through the port of Alex- 

 andria. Of the total tonnage entered and 

 cleared there in 1885, which was 1,534,407, 



758,324 tons was British, 216,105 Turkish, 

 186,313 Austrian, 118,800 French, 112,907 

 Russian, 63,422 Italian, and 48,444 Greek. The 

 English and French, nearly all the Austrian 

 and Russian, the greater part of the Italian, 

 and a large portion of the Turkish, vessels 

 were steamers. 



The values imported and exported of the 

 various classes of commodities in 1886 were, 

 in Egyptian pounds, as follow : 



Finances. The normal budget of receipts 

 fixed upon by the international financial con- 

 vention of March 17, 1885, was as follows: 



RECEIPTS. Egyptian pounds. 



Direct contributions 5,116.000 



Indirect contributions 1,620,000 



Revenues of receipts' administrations 1,680,000 



Receipts of administrative services 856.000 



Rent of Government property 78,000 



Contributions to pension fund 60,000 



Total 8,910,000 



The expenditure of the Government was 

 limited as follows : 



EXPENDITURES. Egyptian pounds. 



Civil list, etc 858,000 



Administration and collection of taxos 1,796,000 



Cost of receipts' administration 72,000 



Public security 697,000 



Eastern Soudan 120.000 



Pensions 457,000 



Tribute and debt 1,087,000 



Extraordinary expenditure 



Total 5,287,000 



The receipts of the treasury in 1 885 amounted 

 to E9,637,173, and the expenditures to 

 E9,184,746, including E417,761 of extraor- 

 dinary expenditures that were defrayed from 

 the proceeds of the new loan of 1885. In 

 1886 the receipts amounted to E9,574,893, 

 and the expenditures to 9,402,529. The 



