298 



FRANCE. 



action. The Chamber has appropriated the 

 sums necessary for the exhibition. Buildings, 

 including a great iron tower, are being erected 

 in Paris. During the exhibition there will be 

 held, under the direction of committees ap- 

 pointed by the Minister of Commerce, meet- 

 ings and lectures on literature, art, history and 

 archaeology, mathematical science, physics and 

 chemistry, natural science, geography, politi- 

 cal economy and legislation, hygiene and sani- 

 tation, social economy, education, engineering, 

 agriculture, industry, and commerce. 



Algeria. The area of Algeria is 318,334 

 square kilometres, not including the territory 

 extending into the Desert of Sahara, which is 

 349,900 square kilometres in extent. The popu- 

 lation on May 30, 1886, was 3,867,465, of which 

 number 3,324,475 are resident in the the terri- 

 tories administered by the civil authorities, 492,- 

 990 in the military divisions, and 50,000 in the 

 Algerian Sahara. The number of Arabs and 

 Kabyles is 3,274,354 ; of French, 261,591 ; of 

 naturalized Israelites, 23,376. The population 

 of the city of Algiers was 71,199. The budget 

 for 1886 makes the receipts 42,837,628 francs, 

 and the expenditures 52,738,472 francs. The 

 imports in 1884 amounted to 289,800,000 francs, 

 and the exports to 175,900,000 francs. There 

 were 2,065 kilometres of railroad in operation 

 in April, 1887. 



Tunis. The regency of Tunis has an area of 

 about 116,000 square kilometres, and a popu- 

 lation of 1,500,000 souls, of which number 

 35,500 are Christians, 45,000 Israelites, and 

 the rest Mohammedans. Tunis, the capital, 

 has 150,000 inhabitants. The expenditures of 

 the Government amounted in 1886 to 27,145,- 

 000 francs. There is a debt of 142,550,000 

 francs. The value of imports in 1886 was 

 30,215,775 francs; of exports, 19,41 6,475 francs. 

 The chief exports are rye, barley, olive-oil, 

 and esparto-grass. There are 410 kilometres 

 of railroad completed. 



Amiam. The kingdom of Annam was taken 

 under the protectorate of France in 1884. A 

 French resident-general represents the repub- 

 lic in the citadel of Hu6, with a military escort, 

 and under the treaty European engineers and 

 agents were to direct the customs, public 

 works, and other services. The province of 

 Tonquin was placed more particularly under 

 French control, and is administered by native 

 functionaries under the direction of French 

 residents in all the chief places. 



The area of the kingdom is about 275,300 

 square kilometres. The population of Tonquin 

 is from 10,000,000 to 12,000,000 persons; that 

 of the rest of the kingdom about 2,000,000. 

 The receipts of Annam and Tonquin in 1887 

 amounted to 44,860,000 francs, including a 

 subvention of 30,000,000 francs. The expendi- 

 tures were calculated at 44,758,230 francs, of 

 which 20,425,000 francs were for the military, 

 and 10,830,000 francs for the naval expendi- 

 ture. The imports of Annam in 1883 amounted 

 to 2,860,000 francs, and the exports to 1,200,- 



000 francs. The imports of Tonquin for 1885 

 are reported as 21,679,879 francs, and the ex- 

 ports as 8,079,438 francs. 



The fighting in Tonquin still continues. In 

 January, 1887, the French made two unsuc- 

 cessful attempts to expel a rebel force from 

 Than II oa, where they were strongly intrenched. 

 A few weeks later Col. Brissaud captured a 

 fort in the same district, which was stubbornly 

 defended by Chinese and Annamites from 

 Thuyet. Columns were sent into the prov- 

 inces of Phu-Yen and Bin-Dinh. By June 

 the rebels had been driven into the remoter 

 districts. The delimitation of the Chinese 

 frontier had then been nearly completed. By 

 a ministerial decree, issued August 4, the sys- 

 tem of protection, exempting from duty French 

 merchandise imported in French ships, and 

 subjecting to the French general tariff all for- 

 eign merchandise, was established in Cochin- 

 China, Cambodia, Annam, and Tonquin. For- 

 eign goods in transit pay only one fifth of the 

 regular duty. 



Colonies. The colonies and protectorates of 

 France, including Algeria, Tunis, Madagascar, 

 and Annam, have a combined area of 3,043,- 

 600 square kilometres, and an aggregate popu- 

 lation of 28,315,400 souls. The French estab- 

 lishments in India, with an area of 508 square 

 kilometres, had, in 1885, a population of 275,- 

 261. The public expenditure in 1885 was 

 2,206,000 francs; imports, 8,000,000 francs; 

 exports, 26,500,000 francs. The colony ot 

 Cochin-China, is 59,800 square kilometres in 

 extent, and in 1885 contained 1,792,933 in- 

 habitants. The colonial budget was 28,483,000 

 francs, exclusive of 3,239,000 francs of ex- 

 penditure assumed by the French Government; 

 imports, 108,700,000 francs; exports, 85,400,- 

 000 francs. The protected kingdom of Cam- 

 bodia has an area of about 100,000 square 

 kilometres and 1,500,000 inhabitants. The 

 French resident-general was in April, 1887, 

 appointed Prime Minister to King Norodom, 

 and intrusted with the task of reorganizing 

 and directing the finances. The kingdom has 

 an export and import trade of from 10,000,000 

 to 12,000,000 francs, not reckoning the com- 

 mercial movement across the frontier of Siam. 



The estimated extent of Senegal and its de- 

 pendencies in 1885 was 667,000 square kilo- 

 metres, the population, 3,817,465. Protector- 

 ates have been proclaimed over the Upper 

 Senegal and the Upper Niger. The warlike 

 natives in these regions frequently attack the 

 French posts. The colonial expenditure in 

 1885 was 2,861,000 francs, besides 8,897,000 

 francs which were made a charge on the treas- 

 ury of the republic. The imports in 1885 

 were 25,100, 000 francs; the exports, 19,500,000 

 francs. The French possessions on the Gold 

 Coast had, in 1885, an extent of 24,000 square 

 kilometres. The French authorities made 

 treaties with chiefs of an extensive tract on 

 the northern bank of the Gambia river, called 

 the Badiboo territory. The British officials at 



