GEOGRAPHICAL PROGRESS AND DISCOVERY. 



303 



try he could not, as had been agreed upon, or- 

 ganize a revictualing caravan to be dispatched 

 direct to the Albert Nyanza by way of the 

 river Mbourou, but he agreed to do so as soon 

 as possible. The agitation continued in the 

 country between Stanley Falls and the conflu- 

 ence of the Aruwimi with the Congo. Several 

 villages on the right bank of the Congo had 

 been pillaged and laid waste, and a large num- 

 ber of the natives had crossed the river to the 

 opposite bank. 



The last report was that news had arrived at 

 Cairo, December 22, that Stanley had reached 

 Emin Pasha, and details of the latter part of 

 the journey were expected. 



Mr. A. J. Wauters advances the theory that 

 the Muta Nsige, discovered by Stanley in 1876, 

 is not connected with the Albert Nyanza or 

 with the Nile system at all, but is the source 

 of the Aruwimi. He founds his opinion on the 

 difficulty of accounting for the great mass of 

 water in the Aruwimi if it is fed only by the 

 streams and springs of the limited territory 

 that can be drained by it. On the other hand, 

 this leaves unaccounted for the fact that the 

 Nile is twice as great when it issues from the 

 Albert Nyanza as when it enters. Perhaps the 

 return of Stanley's expedition, when it is in- 

 tended to devote some time to exploration, will 

 answer this question, as well as the still unset- 

 tled one as to the identity and final destination 

 of the Welle. 



The latest attempt to solve this ever-present 

 problem has come to naught. Capt. Van Gele, 

 who has made journeys on the Ubangi and Lo- 

 puri, had charge of this attempt. He left the 

 station of Bnngala July 1, with the steamers 

 " Henry Reed " and " A. J. A.," to ascend the 

 Itimbiri, which is supposed to approach near- 

 est to the Welle. The plan was to go up this 

 river as far as it is navigable, to the Lubi Falls, 

 where he was to leave Lieut. Dhanis behind as 

 the head of a new station, while he himself 

 should proceed northward in as direct aline as 

 possible to the Welle. Here another station 

 was to be left in charge of Lieut. Li6nart, while 

 the captain himself was to follow the course of 

 the Welle to its mouth. But when he arrived 

 at the falls he found the country uninhabited, 

 contrary to Mr. Grenfell's descriptions; and, 

 learning from a neighboring petty chief that 

 the land he would have to traverse was covered 

 with primitive forests, he saw no way of pro- 

 visioning his people or making his journey suc- 

 cessfully, and returned as speedily as possible. 



Lieut. Wissmann made an extended report 

 of his second journey across the continent of 

 Africa at the November meeting of the Berlin 

 Society for Geographical Research. After 

 starting in a southeasterly direction into the 

 territory of the Baluba, the expedition turned 

 to the northeast toward the Lubi; at the 

 mouth of this river Lake Sankuru was trav- 

 ersed, but here it became apparent that the 

 dense and swampy woodlands would not allow 

 farther progress toward the northeast, and the 



project of penetrating to the upper waters of 

 the more northerly tributary of the Congo had 

 to be abandoned. Without passing the Lorna- 

 mi, the lieutenant turned his course to the 

 southward, crossed his route of 1881 in the 

 territory of the Beneki, now laid waste by war, 

 slave-hunting, and pestilence, and reached Ny- 

 angwe, whence he crossed by the usual route 

 to Tanganyika. From the southern shore of 

 this lake he went to Nyassa and thence to Mo- 

 zambique by a new way. He reports the peo- 

 ple visited on both his expeditions as having 

 made progress during the four intervening 

 years, and taken the first steps toward civiliza- 

 tion. A small lake called Limbi has been dis- 

 covered southeast from the Schirwa or Kilwa 

 Lake, in the Nyassa territory, having an outlet 

 to the larger lake. 



Bishop Smythies's report of his journey to 

 Lake Nyassa and the Magwangwara, under- 

 taken with a view to establishing a mission in 

 their territory, describes them as warlike and 

 lawless, like the Massai to the north and tho 

 Masitu to the west. Their land is between 

 Lake Nyassa and the coast. The height of the 

 mountains where the Rovuma has its sources 

 was estimated by the bishop at 1,700 metres. 



The German and English governments have 

 at length come to an agreement respecting the 

 boundaries of the territory in Eastern Africa 

 under their influence, and of the Sultanate of 

 Zanzibar. Following are in substance the spe- 

 cifications : 



1. Germany and Great Britain recognize the sover- 

 eignty of the Sultan of Zanzibar over the islands of 

 Zanzibar and Pemba, and over those smaller islands 

 lying in the vicinity of the former, within a circle of 

 twelve nautical mileSj also over the islands Lamu and 

 Mafia. They recognize also as the possession of the 

 sultan a line of coast on the continent, passing from 

 the mouth of the Miningani river on the south to Ki- 

 pini on the north. This line begins at the south of 

 the Miningani, follows its course five nautical miles, 

 and is then extended on the parallel of latitude to the 

 point where it meets the right bank of the Rovuma 

 river, when it crosses that river and extends along its 

 left bank. This strip has a breadth of ten nautical 

 miles, measured by a straight line inward from tho 

 coast at the high'est water-mark. The northern 

 boundary includes Kau. The governments acknowl- 

 edge the right of the sultan to the stations Kismajo, 

 Barawa, Merka, and Magadoxa, with land extending 

 inward about ten nautical miles, and Warsheik with 

 five nautical miles. 



2. Great Britain agrees to support those negotia- 

 tions of Germany with the sultan which have in view 

 the leasing of trie harbor dues of Dar-es-Salaam and 

 Pangani to the German East African Company, in 

 consideration of an annual payment to the sultan on 

 the part of the company. 



3. Both powers agree to make a boundary-line be- 

 tween their respective spheres of influence, as was 

 previously done with the territory on the Gulf of 

 Guinea. 



This territory is to be bounded on the south by the 

 Rovuma river and on the north by a line starting from 

 the mouth of the Tana river, and following its course, 

 or that of its tributaries, to the intersection of tho 

 equator and the thirty-eighth degree of east longitude, 



cnth degree of east longitude, where the line ends. 

 The line of demarkation shall begin at the mouth of 



