344 



GEEAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



person in consequence of such acts; and (3) 

 of taking part in a riot or unlawful assembly, 

 taking forcible possession of any house or land 

 within twelve months after the execution of 

 any writ of possession, or assaulting, resisting, 

 or obstructing a sheriff, bailiff, constable, or 

 process-server in the execution of his duty. 

 The high court shall order a special jury on 

 the application of the Attorney-General or the 

 defendant. It shall also, on application of the 

 Attorney-General, order the removal of a trial 

 to any county that the Attorney-General may 

 name, but may modify the order on the appli- 

 cation of the defendant if it appear that the 

 trial can he most fairly had in another court. 

 The Lord Lieutenant in council may proclaim 

 any specified part of Ireland. The proclama- 

 tion can be determined by a resolution of either 

 house of Parliament. If the Lord Lieutenant 

 is satisfied that any association exists that is 

 formed for the commission of crime, or of car- 

 rying on operations for or by the commission 

 of crime, or of encouraging or aiding persons 

 to commit crime, or of promoting or inciting 

 to acts of violence or intimidation, or of inter- 

 fering with the administration of the law or 

 disturbing the maintenance of law and order, 

 he may issue a special proclamation declaring 

 such association to be dangerous. Every spe- 

 cial proclamation must be laid before Parlia- 

 ment within seven days, or, if Parliament is 

 not sitting, within seven days of its convening, 

 and if either house pass an address that the 

 proclamation shall not remain in force, it shall 

 bo deemed to have expired. A proclamation 

 issued when Parliament is not sitting expires 

 in a week, unless a ssssion be called within 

 twenty days. After the issuance of a special 

 proclamation, as long as it continues unrevoked 

 and unexpired, the Lord Lieutenant may issue 

 an order to prohibit or suppress in any specified 

 district the association that he has proclaimed 

 as dangerous. From the date of such order, any 

 one participating in any meeting or proceed- 

 ings of the unlawful association, publishing its 

 notices, or contributing to its objects may be 

 prosecuted before a court of summary juris- 

 diction. The term " association " is made to 

 include any combination of persons, whether 

 known by any distinctive name or not. The 

 peace preservation act of 1886 is continued in 

 force for five years, with the modification that 

 under a warrant to search for arms or ammu- 

 nition any houses in a specified town or mu- 

 nicipal ward may be searched without being 

 specified. A criminal case may be removed to 

 a court of assize in any county in England as 

 well as Ireland, or to the English Court of 

 Quaen's Bench or Central Criminal Court. The 

 removal may be made before any indictment 

 has been found, and the grand jury of the dis- 

 trict to which the trial has been removed may 

 inquire into the case and determine it in the 

 same manner as if the crime had been com- 

 mitted in the county or district of Ireland or 

 England to which the trial has been removed. 



Persons convicted of offenses over which sum- 

 mary jurisdiction is exercised are punishable 

 with imprisonment, with or without hard labor, 

 for a term not exceeding six months, and have 

 the right of appeal, which appeal shall be heard 

 by a county court judge, chairman of quarter 

 sessions, or recorder, sitting as a sole judge. 

 A court of summary jurisdiction consists of a 

 district court in Dublin, and elsewhere of two 

 resident magistrates, one of whom must have 

 legal knowledge sufficient to satisfy the Lord 

 Lieutenant. The term " intimidation " is de- 

 fined as including any words or acts intended 

 or calculated to put any person in fear of an 

 injury or danger to himself, or to any member 

 of his family, or to any person in his employ- 

 ment, or in fear of any injury to or loss of 

 property, business, employment, or means of 

 living. 



Besides the coercion act, the only parts of the 

 ministerial programme that passed into legisla- 

 tive shape were the acts for laborers' allot- 

 ments, the act for the protection of merchan- 

 dise marks, and the acts for improving Scotch 

 criminal procedure and strengthening the office 

 of Secretary for Scotland. Besides these an 

 act was passed for the regulation of coal-mines. 

 The merchandise-marks act not only gives ad- 

 ditional protection to the use of trade-marks 

 and names in Great Britain, but, in pursuance 

 of the stipulations of a treaty lately concluded, 

 empowers the custom-house authorities to de- 

 tain goods that have forged trade-marks, false 

 trade descriptions, or marks, names, or descrip- 

 tions that are illegal under the act. 



The allotments act empowers the sanitary 

 authorities in any parish, where the laboring 

 population are unable to obtain suitable land at 

 reasonable rents, to lease or purchase land at a 

 price that will be recouped by the rent of the 

 allotments, to be petitioned out among the 

 laborers who desire it. If land can not be ob- 

 tained otherwise, it can be compulsorily taken 

 at a price to be assessed by arbitration, but no 

 parks or gardens or railroad, canal, or mining 

 lands can be thus taken. 



A margarine act was passed, requiring every 

 consignment of artificial butter, whether im- 

 ported or manufactured in the country, to be 

 made under the name of margarine, every pack- 

 age to be thus marked in durable letters, and 

 every parcel of the substance exposed for retail 

 sale to bear the same label in clear and con- 

 spicuous characters. Imitation butter, whether 

 mixed with butter or not, is subject to the act. 

 Food inspectors and medical or police officers 

 may take samples to analyze. Every factory 

 where artificial butter is made must be regis- 

 tered. Offenses under the act are punishable 

 with a fine up to 20 for the first, 50 for the 

 second, and 100 for subsequent convictions. 

 There was a spirited discussion as to whether 

 butter substitutes should be called "butterine," 

 under which name considerable quantities were 

 sold, or " margarine," a name that it wns 

 thought would repel buyers, but the wishes of 



