HAWAII. 



355 



displeased because they were excluded from 

 the franchise, whether owners of property or 

 not. 



William L. Green, the head of the new Cabi- 

 net, is an American by birth, who served in 

 the Northern army during the war of seces- 

 sion, afterward established himself as a mer- 

 chant and planter in the Hawaiian Islands, tind 

 was formerly premier in 1881 and 1882. God- 

 frey Brown, the Minister of Finance, is the son 

 of an Englishman who held the office of Regis- 

 ter of Accounts. The Attorney-General, C. 

 Ashford, is a Canadian by birth, who was 

 Lieutenant-Colonel of the Honolulu Rifles, and 

 was previous to his appointment a lawyer in 

 private practice. L. A. Thurston, the Chief of 

 the Home Office, was born in the islands of an 

 American missionary family, and was a leader 

 of the Opposition in the Legislature. 



Ex-Premier Gibson and his son-in-law, F. H. 

 Hayselden, were charged with the embezzle- 

 ment of public money. After proceedings had 

 been begun, the Attorney-General withdrew the 

 complaint against Gibson, and on July 13 he 

 was allowed to depart on a steamer for San 

 Francisco. Hayselden was accused of forgery 

 in raising the figures on bills given by the Gov- 

 ernment for labor in 1883, but the Attorney- 

 General was unable to connect him with the 

 crime. Queen Kapiolani, who had been visit- 

 ing the United States and England, and had 

 received many attentions in both countries, ar- 

 rived from San Francisco by steamer in the 

 beginning of August. The American naval 

 eteamer "Adams" arrived at Honolulu after 

 the revolution, and was ordered to remain. The 

 British cruisers u Conquest " and u Triumph " 

 were ordered thither from Vancouver before 

 the outbreak, but did not arrive till after the 

 " Adams." 



There were many among the natives who 

 considered that the King had been badly treat- 

 ed, and who were strongly attached to the idea 

 of royalty and opposed to the republican sen- 

 timents that pervaded the American element, 

 which was most active in the revolution. The 

 partial transfer of political power from tlie 

 native-born subjects of the King to white resi- 

 dents furnished a grievance which was made 

 much of by the partisans of Kalakaua, who 

 prolonged the crisis by declaring the new Con- 

 stitution invalid and the King's oath, which 

 had been given under duress, of no binding 

 force. They were sustained in their conten- 

 tion by the law, for the old Constitution de- 

 fined the manner in which it could be amended, 

 which was by the vote of two successive Legis- 

 latures. 



The Cabinet was obliged to raise a temporary 

 loan of $200,000 to meet pressing demands on 

 the Government. A dispute arose between 

 the ministers and Fruhlung and McFarlane, 

 the negotiators of the English loan of $2,000,- 

 000. On the first $1,000,000 the sum of $200,- 

 000 was retained as a commission. The Gov- 

 ernment refused to pay this. The matter was 



brought before the Supreme Court, which de- 

 cided that the loan was illegal, since the terms 

 of the loan-bill had not been complied with. 

 The British creditors appealed to their consul, 

 who not only protested against the repudiation 

 of the terms of the loan, but threatened to sum- 

 mon a squadron to enforce the rights of his 

 countrymen. The ministry finally gave way, 

 and the Legislature approved the loan by a vote 

 of 38 to 13. 



A general election was held in October, and 

 the new Legislature came together on Novem- 

 ber 3. A bill was passed restricting Chinese 

 immigration to 300 every three months. In 

 December the King vetoed a bill abolishing 

 the office of Governor of Oahu, held by his 

 brother-in-law, John D. Dominis, husband of 

 the heiress-presumptive, and afterward a bill 

 providing for the performance of the duties 

 pertaining to that office. The Ministry denied 

 his right to veto legislation, except by their 

 advice. Fiery speeches were made in the As- 

 sembly by the Attorney-General, the Minister 

 of the Interior, and others. The King pro- 

 posed to submit the question to the Supreme 

 Court, and when the Legislature declined to act 

 with him, passing a resolution denying his right 

 to veto, wrote to the court asking its advice. 

 After a long hearing the judges were unable to 

 agree on a decision, two of them upholding 

 the King, and two sustaining the views of the 

 Cabinet and Legislature. The King vetoed 

 two other bills, one to restrict the sale of liq- 

 uor, and one relating to the police. He con- 

 veyed to trustees all his property, consisting of 

 a life interest in the crown lands, and other 

 real estate that he owned in fee, for the pur- 

 pose of paying off his debts, which amounted to 

 $250,000, besides the $71,000 that the Chinese 

 merchant claimed to have paid him as a bribe. 



Reciprocity Treaty with the Inited States. The 

 convention that was concluded between the 

 United States and Hawaii on Jan. 30, 1875, 

 was to continue in force for seven years, after 

 the expiration of which it could be terminated 

 on twelve months' notice by either of the con- 

 tracting parties. On Dec. 6, 1884, anew treaty 

 was signed at Washington by Frederick T. 

 Frelinghuysen, Secretary of State, and Henry 

 A. P. Carter, the Hawaiian Minister. The 

 United States Senate did not confirm this 

 treaty till Jan. 20, 1887, when it received 43 

 votes in its favor against 11 contrary votes. 

 The treaty, besides the reciprocity clause, con- 

 tained an additional article permitting the 

 United States to occupy Pearl river harbor, 

 on the island of Oahu. as a con ling- station. 

 This concession excited the jealousy of the 

 English. The harbor is a deep and capacious 

 one, in which the largest navy in the world 

 could lie in safety. It can never be utilized, 

 however, until a channel is cut through the 

 bar, composed principally of coral rock, which 

 now shuts it off from the ocean. The supple- 

 mentary convention, renewing the former con- 

 vention respecting commercial reciprocity and 



