356 



HAYDEN, FERDINAND VANDEVEER. 



granting the use of Pearl river harbor, con- 

 sists of the following articles : 



ARTICLE I. The liigh contracting parties agree that 

 the time fixed for the duration of the said convention 

 shall be definitely extended for a term of seven years 

 from the date of the exchange of ratifications hereof, 

 and further until the expiration of twelve months 

 after either of the high contracting parties shall give 

 notice to the other of its wish to terminate the same, 

 each of the high contracting parties being at liberty to 

 give such notice to the other at the end of the said term 

 of seven years or at any time thereafter. 



ART. IT. His Majesty the King of the Hawaiian Isl- 

 ands, grants to the Government of the United States 

 the exclusive right to enter the harbor of Pearl river, 

 in the island ot Oahu, and to establish and maintain 

 there a coaling and repair station for the use of vessels 

 oi the United States, and to that end the United 

 States may improve the entrance to said harbor, and 

 do all other things needful to the purpose aforesaid. 



ART. III. The present convention shall be ratified, 

 and the ratifications exchanged at Washington as soon 

 as possible. 



It was duly ratified, and was made public by 

 a proclamation of President Cleveland, issued 

 on Nov. 9, 1887. The second section was 

 added to the supplementary convention during 

 its discussion in the Senate. The Hawaiian 

 Government would not accede to it without 

 an understanding with the Government at 

 Washington as to its interpretation, and both 

 Governments agreed that it did not involve a 

 transfer of sovereign rights, or a cession in per- 

 petuity, but that at the expiration of the treaty 

 the right of the United States to the coaling 

 and repair station should cease. 



HAIDEN, FERDINAND VANDEVEER, an Amer- 

 ican geologist, born in Westfield, Mass., Sept. 

 7, 1829; died in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 22, 

 1887. He was graduated at Oberlin College 

 in 1850 (having early in life settled on the 

 Western Reserve, in Ohio), and took his doc- 

 tor's degree at the Albany Medical College in 

 1853. During the same year he began his 

 career as a geologist, and was sent by James 

 Hall, State Geologist of New York, to the Bad 

 Lands of Dakota, where he explored one of the 

 remarkable deposits of extinct animals, and re- 

 turned to Albany with a valuable collection of 

 fossil vertebrates. In 1854 he again went 

 West, and after spending two years in explor- 

 ing the basin of the Upper Missouri river, re- 

 turned with a large number of fossils, part of 

 which he deposited in the St. Louis Academy 

 of Science, and the remainder in the Academy 

 of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia. He was 

 employed in February 1856, by Lieut, (after- 

 ward General) Gouverneur K. Warren, of tlie 

 United States Topographical Engineers, to 

 make a report on the district he had just ex- 

 plored. In May, 1856, he was appointed geolo- 

 gist on the staff of Lieut. Warren, who was 

 engaged during 1855-'57 in making a recon- 

 noissance of the Northwest in what is now 

 known as Dakota. Dr. Hayden continued so 

 occupied until May, 1859, when be was ap- 

 pointed naturalist and surgeon to the expedi- 

 tion sent to explore the Yellowstone and Mis- 

 souri rivers under Capt. William F. Raynolds, 



of the United States Engineers. In May, 1862, 

 he was made acting assistant surgeon, and as- 

 signed to duty at the Satterlee Military Hos- 

 pital, in Philadelphia. He was confirmed 

 assistant surgeon and full surgeon on Feb. 19, 

 1863, and sent to Beaufort, S. C., as chief 

 medical officer. This place he held until Feb- 

 ruary, 1864, when he returned North and was 

 made assistant medical inspector in the depart- 

 ment of Washington. In September, 1864, he 



FERDINAND VANDEVEER HAYDEN. 



was ordered to Winchester, Va., as chief medi- 

 cal officer of the Army of the Shenandoah. 

 He remained with this command until May, 

 1865, when he resigned from the army and was 

 breveted lieutenant-colonel for meritorious 

 service. In 1 865 he was elected Professor of 

 Mineralogy and Geology in the University of 

 Pennsylvania, and held that chair until 1872, 

 when the press of official duties compelled his 

 resignation. He again visited the valley of the 

 Upper Missouri during the summer of 1866 

 for the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sci- 

 ences, and gathered valuable vertebrate fossils. 

 In 1867 Congress provided for the geological 

 survey of Nebraska, then recently admitted to 

 the Union. The direction of the work was 

 assigned to Dr. Hayden, and in 1868 he ex- 

 tended his investigations into the Territory of 

 Wyoming. In April, 1869, this work was re- 

 organized under the title of " The Geological 

 Survey of the Territories of the United States." 

 During the subsequent years, until 1872, Dr. 

 Hayden conducted a series of geological explo- 

 rations in Dakota, Wyoming, Utah, and Colo- 

 rado, the scope of investigation including, be- 

 sides geology, the natural history, climatology, 

 resources, and ethnology of the region. In 

 1873 geography was added to the work of the 

 survey, and the name became " The Geological 

 and Geographical Survey of the Territories." 

 Meanwhile, in 1871, a portion of the country 

 at the sources of the Yellowstone and Missouri 

 rivers was explored, including the Yellowstone 

 Lake and the geysers and hot springs of Fire- 

 Hole, or Upper Madison river. The wonders 



