HAYTI. 



857 



of this region soon became known, and as a 

 result of his explorations an act was passed by 

 Congress in 1872 by which the district now 

 known as the Yellowstone Park was " reserved 

 and withdrawn from settlement, occupancy, or 

 sale, under the laws of the United States, and 

 dedicated and set apart as a public park or 

 pleasuring-ground for the benefit and enjoy- 

 ment of the people." The work of the survey 

 was systematically carried on along the Kocky 

 Mountains, in Colorado and Wyoming, until 

 1879, when the four surveys then in the field 

 were consolidated into the United States Geo- 

 logical Survey. (See GEOLOGICAL SUHVEY, in 

 " Annual Cyclopaedia " for 1885.) Dr. Hayden 

 was a candidate for the directorship of the new 

 survey, but Clarence King received the appoint- 

 ment, and he at once invited Dr. Hayden to 

 take charge of the work in the region of the 

 sources of the Mississippi, or the division of 

 Montana, with the rank of geologist. He con- 

 tinued in the active prosecution of the duties 

 of this office until December, 1886, when fail- 

 ing health caused his resignation. Dr. Hayden 

 was a member of scientific societies both in the 

 United States and in Europe, and in 1873 was 

 elected a member of the National Academy of 

 Sciences. The honorary degree of LL. D. was 

 conferred on him by the University of Roches- 

 ter in 1876, and by the University of Pennsyl- 

 vania in 1887. His scientific papers were about 

 fifty in number, and appeared in the " Ameri- 

 can Journal of Science," " The Proceedings of 

 the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences,'' and in 

 the transactions of other learned societies. 

 His principal publications were issued by the 

 Government, and included annual reports from 

 1867 to 1879, descriptive of the region surveyed 

 each year, with special reports on the palaeon- 

 tology, natural history, and similar subjects; 

 also " Miscellaneous Publications " designed to 

 give information on subjects of interest con- 

 nected with the West, and finally a series of 

 quarto volumes entitled '"Reports of the Unit- 

 ed States Geological Survey of the Territories." 

 To most of these volumes he was a contributor, 

 and as United States geologist in charge of the 

 survey, their editor. 



H1YTI, a republic in the West Indies, covering 

 the western third of the island of Santo Do- 

 mingo. (For details relating to territorial di- 

 visions, population, etc., see " Annual Cyclo- 

 pa3dia"for 1883.) 



Government. The President is Gen. Salomon, 

 re-elected for seven years, dating from May 1, 

 1887. The Cabinet is as follows : Foreign Af- 

 fairs and Public Worship, Brutus St. Victor ; 

 Justice and Public Instruction, Lechaud ; War 

 and Navy, Tiresias S. Sam ; Interior and Agri- 

 culture, C. Arteaud ; and Finance and Com- 

 merce, Callisthc-ne Touchard. President of the 

 Senate, Maignan ; President of the Chamber, 

 D. Theodore; Director of the National Bank, A. 

 Jung. The United States Minister resident at 

 Port-au-Prince is Dr. John E. W. Thompson ; 

 the Haytian Minister to the United States, 



Stephen Preston ; American Consul at Cape 

 Haytien, Stanislas Goutier; Haytian Consul- 

 General at New York, Ebenezer D. Bassett. 



inny and Navy. The standing army is com- 

 posed of the guard, 650 strong, and the line, 

 6,178 strong. The navy comprises 5 men-of- 

 war, 1 of which is armored, the total arma- 

 ment being 30 guns. 



Postal Service. There were in operation in 

 1885 three general post-offices, which forward- 

 ed 212,380 letters and postal-cards, and 144,- 

 814 newspapers and sample-packages, the re- 

 ceipts being 67,842 francs, and the expenses 

 135,360. 



Finances. The public indebtedness in 1886 

 amounted to $13,500,000, consisting of the for- 

 eign loan of 1875,$4,320,000, and the home debt 

 of $9,180,000. The budget for 1887-'88 esti- 

 mates the expenditure at $4,066,236. During 

 the autumn of 1887 the Minister of Finance sub- 

 mitted to the National Assembly the project 

 of a loan in Europe to the extent of 10,000,000 

 francs, but that body withheld its authority to 

 issue the loan on the plea that, in view of the 

 good coffee-crop prospects for 1887-'88, there 

 was hope that Haytian finances would get 

 along without such appeal to foreign credit. 

 In consequence of the rise in coffee, Haytian 

 finances have steadily improved, the gold pre- 

 mium declining from its former range of 20 to 

 30 per cent, to 2 to 6 per cent. The Minister of 

 Finance has meanwhile carried through a nota- 

 ble financial reform. Hitherto the public 

 functionaries and military were paid in treas- 

 ury notes worth only 15 to 35 per cent, of 

 their face value in the open market. Under 

 authority from the National Assembly the Min- 

 ister made an arrangement with the Banque 

 Nationale d'Haiti to the effect that for five 

 consecutive years the latter engages to pay all 

 salaries against a commission-charge of 2 per 

 cent. As security for the reimbursement of 

 such outlay, the Government pledges the im- 

 port duties. In May the National Assembly 

 raised the export duty on coffee $1.20 gold the 

 100 pounds ; added to the $2.16 then in force, 

 this increases the duty to $3.36. In July the 

 Government decided to accept the Mexican dol- 

 lar on and after October 1 at the value of 80 

 cents gold, and the dollar of other republics at 

 75 cents gold. 



Island of Tortuga. In April a definitive set- 

 tlement was effected between the Haytian 

 Government and the British commissionner, 

 Clement Hill, who had gone to Port-au-Prince 

 accompanied by a naval force, with regard to 

 the Island of Tortuga between Hay ti and Cuba, 

 about which a dispute had arisen, and to which 

 maritime nations attach great importance as a 

 strategic station after the Panama Canal shall 

 be completed. The Haytian Government en- 

 gaged to pay 32,000, in four instalments, as 

 an indemnity for retaining the island as it is. 

 The British Government yields all further 

 claims in the matter of the Maunder brothers. 

 In the event of Hayti failing to meet the in- 



