396 



ITALY. 



tonnage being 12,554,506, and of these 88,898, 

 of 9,497,099 tons, were Italian, and 3,606, of 

 3,057,407 tons, were foreign. The number of 

 vessels employed in long voyages that were 

 cleared was 15,822, of 6,132,345 tons ; the num- 

 ber of coasting- vessels, 92,379, of 12,294,224 

 tons. 



The mercantile navy consisted on Jan. 1, 

 1887, of 6,992 sailing-vessels, of 801,349 tons, 

 as compared with 7,111, of 828,819 tons, a 

 year before, and of 237 steamers, of 144,328 

 tons, as compared with 225, of 124,600 tons. 

 The number of inscribed seamen in 1885 was 

 189,921. 



Railroads. There were 11,625 kilometres of 

 railroad in operation on June 30, 1887. The 

 receipts for the financial year amounted to 225,- 

 068,618 lire. 



The Post-Office. The number of letters and 

 post-cards transmitted in 1885 was 195,179,324. 



Telegraphs. The length of telegraph lines at 

 the close of 1884 was 30,021 kilometres, and 

 of wires 106,755 kilometres, not including 188 

 kilometres of cables. The number of paid 

 internal dispatches in 1885 was 5,896,306 ; of 

 paid international dispatches, 581,657; of offi- 

 cial messages, 469,974; of dispatches connected 

 with the service, 194,384; of international 

 messages in transit, 186,062 ; total number of 

 telegrams, 7,328,383. 



Army. The permanent army, by virtue of 

 the law of June 29, 1882, modified by the law 

 of June 23, 1887, is organized as follows : 

 Infantry, 96 regiments of the line, and 12 regi- 

 ments of bersaglieri, each regiment consisting 

 of 3 battalions of 4 companies each and a depot ; 

 7 regiments of Alpine troops, comprising 22 

 battalions and 75 companies ; and 87 military 

 districts, forming 98 companies. Cavalry, 24 

 regiments, each of 6 squadrons and a depot, 

 besides 6 depots of remount. Artillery, 24 

 regiments of field artillery, of which 12 are 

 division regiments, each of 8 batteries, 1 com- 

 pany of train, and a depot, and 12 are attached 

 to corps, and have 2 companies of train ; 1 

 regiment of horse artillery of 6 batteries, with 

 4 companies of train and a depot ; 1 regiment 

 of mountain artillery, having 9 batteries and a 

 depot ; 5 regiments of fortress artillery, of 

 which 2 have 16 companies and 3 have 12 

 companies, each regiment having its depot. 

 Engineers, 4 regiments, of which 2 are sap- 

 pers, each of 18 companies, 2 companies of train 

 and a depot ; 1 regiment contains 7 companies 

 of sappers, 6 companies of telegraphists, and 1 

 company of specialists having charge of carrier- 

 pigeons, electric lighting, signals, balloon serv- 

 ice, etc., with 2 companies of train and a 

 depot; and 1 regiment consists of 8 companies 

 of pontonniers, 4 railroad companies, 2 compa- 

 nies for lagoons, 3 companies of train, and a 

 depot. Carabinieri, 11 legions and 1 legion of 

 616 ves. Invalid corps, 4 companies. Sanitary 

 corps, 12 companies. Commissariat, 12 com- 

 panies. There are, besides, the veterinary corps, 

 artillery and engineer establishments, institu- 



tions for instruction, and two military peni- 

 tentiaries. The mobile militia comprises 48 

 regiments of infantry of the line, 18 battalions 

 of bersaglieri, 22 companies of Alpine troops, 

 13 brigades of field artillery, each of 4 batter- 

 ies. 36 companies of fortress artillery, 3 bri- 

 gades of mountain artillery, and an engineer 

 corps. The Sardinian militia has a separate 

 organization. The territorial militia is organ- 

 ized as 320 battalions of infantry, 22 battalions 

 of Alpine troops, and 100 companies of fortress 

 artillery, with engineers, a sanitary corps, and 

 a commissariat. 



The total strength of the army on the war 

 footing on June 1, 1887, was 2,590,172. There 

 were with the colors 13,864 officers and 252,- 

 025 men, while 9,814 officers and 620,768 men 

 of the permanent army were on furloughs. 

 The mobile militia numbered 2,898 officers and 

 377,110 men, the territorial militia 4,402 offi- 

 cers and 3,308,391 men. The troops serving 

 with the colors were divided as follow : Offi- 

 cers, 13,864; carabinieri, 22,452; infantry, 

 126.667; bersaglieri, 15,238; Alpine troops, 

 9,876 ; military district troops, 9,308 ; cavalry, 

 25,501 ; artillery, 26,300 ; engineers, 7,753 ; 

 establishments for instruction, 1,486; sanitary 

 troops, 2,140 ; administrative troops, 1,866 ; 

 invalid corps, 407 ; penitential establishments, 

 3,031 ; total, 265,889. 



The Navy. The navy on Jan. 1, 1887, com- 

 prised 37 line-of-battle ships, 17 transports, 3 

 school-ships, 19 vessels for local service, 6 side- 

 wheel gun-boats, 3 sea-going torpedo-boats, 19 

 first-class and 21 second-class torpedo-boats for 

 coast- defense, and 2 torpedo-vessels. There 

 were 11 armor-clads of the first-class, carrying 

 89 cannon, with an aggregate displacement of 

 75,221 tons. The second-class vessels of com- 

 bat numbered eleven, including three iron- 

 clads. There were under construction 7 iron- 

 clads of the first class, of 87,006 tons' displace- 

 ment, 4 unarmored cruisers of the second 

 class, 8 of the third class, 2 transports, 2 ves- 

 sels for port service, 2 torpedo avisos, 44 sea- 

 going torpedo-boats, and 6 torpedo-boats for 

 coast-defense. 



Colonial Possessions. Italy has in part occu- 

 pied and in part taken under her protectorate 

 the strip of the western coast of the Eed Sea 

 which extends from the village of Emberemi, 

 in 16 of north latitude, to the north of the 

 island of Massowah, to the southern limit of 

 the territory of Raheita, in 12 of north lati- 

 tude, to the south of Assab, with the small 

 islands off the coast, and the Archipelago of 

 Dahlak. The coast-line has a length of about 

 500 kilometres. Italian sovereignty has been 

 proclaimed over a territory extending about 

 60 kilometres along the coast from Dermah on 

 the north to Sinthiar on the south. The terri- 

 tory thus far occupied by Italy comprises the 

 island of Massowah, with the neighboring isles 

 and a part of the coast of Emberemi extending 

 to and including the peninsula of Buri, and 

 the Dahlak Islands. The population of the 



