LITERATURE, BRITISH, IN 1887. 



435 



works, and shows exceeding energy, fire, and 

 poetic insight. Edwin Arnold signalized the 

 last of the year by the -publication of a volume 

 of " Oriental Verse," and this completes the 

 rather meager contribution of English poetry 

 for 1887. 



Fiction. The English novels of the year are 

 represent-ed in the first place (first in popular- 

 ity, certainly) by Mr. Rider Haggard's "She," 

 "Jess," and "Allan Quartermain." Mr. Will- 

 iam Black has given us " Sabrina Zembra," 

 which has not added greatly to his fame. Mr. 

 R. D. Blackmore has published " Spring- 

 haven,^ Mr. Thomas Hardy "The Wood- 

 lander*," and Mr. Wilkie Collins " Little Nov- 

 els," none of which are extraordinary efforts. 

 Edna Lyall appears with one new volume, 

 " Kuight Errant " ; Mr. Baring-Gould has pub- 

 lished "Red Spider" and the "Gaverocks"; 

 Grant Allen is represented by " The Beckon- 

 ing Hand ; " Mr. Stevenson by " Merry Men ; " 

 Mr. William Westall by the " Phantom City," 

 and " A Queer Race." " Dead Man's Rock " 

 is by a new writer, said to be a young Oxo- 

 nian. Mr. Hall Caine has published ''A Son of 

 Hagar," which is a novel of English jurispru- 

 dence, and " The Deemster," both powerful 

 works. My. Christie Murray's " Old Blazer's 

 Hero " is a clever mining story ; Mr. "Westbury 

 offers " Frederick Hazzelden," and Walter 

 Besant has brought out what is considered one 

 of his best novels, " The World went very well 

 Then," in which he displays a large amount of 

 research among the events, customs, and details 

 of life in the middle of the eighteenth century. 



Voyages and Travels. The most important 

 publication in this department is Mr. Jackson's 

 " Dalmatia, the Qnarnero, and Istria." The 

 excursion of Messrs. Riley and Owens to 

 " Athos, the Mountain of the Monks," is a very 

 striking and characteristic narrative. Mrs. 

 Craik's " Unknown Country " and Mr. Hamer- 

 ton's " Saone " are graceful studies, full of per- 

 sonal interest, while " Life in Egypt," by Mr. 

 Butler, and Mr. Laurence Oliphant's "Life in 

 Modern Palestine," are in the same direction, 

 the latter being a collection of letters pre- 

 viously communicated to a New York journal. 

 "Rhodes in Modern Times," by Cecil Torr, 

 completes the list of the more important works 

 on European travel. Three writers have pub- 

 lished works on South Africa, namely, Theal, 

 Frelden, and MacKinnon. Capt. C. B. Oliver 

 has published two volumes on "Madagascar," 

 Chalmers has written up "New Guinea," and 

 Messrs. Guillemard and Churchward have 

 chatted about " Formosa and the Navigator 

 Islands." Mr. Julian Thomas has published 

 notes on his personal experiences in the West- 

 ern Pacific, under the title of " Cannibals and 

 Convicts." The writer is a practiced journal- 

 ist, and his facts were set down and descrip- 

 tions written on the spot. Two writers, Rum- 

 bold and Simson, have written works on the 

 South American provinces. 



Physical, Moral, and Intellectual Science. There 



have been few important works in general sci- 

 ence, but these include some notable names. 

 Mr. Herbert Spencer has published " The Fac- 

 tors of Organic Evolution," and Mr. E. D. Cope 

 his work entitled " The Origin of the Fittest," 

 which are the contributions of the year on this 

 strictly Darwinian subject. Mr. Norman Lock- 

 yer is out with a new book entitled " Chem- 

 istry of the Century," which is, in fact, a re- 

 view of the progress of spectroscopy. Huxley 

 has reviewed "Scientific Progress during the 

 Victorian Era," and Sir Henry Roscoe's address 

 before the British Association at Manchester 

 in August was also of that nature. Of the 

 " Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. 

 'Challenger,'" four volumes have appeared 

 during the year, three being on Zoology and 

 one on Botany. "Railway Problems in Dif- 

 ferent Countries," by Jeans, and Bucknall 

 Smith's " Cable or Rope Traction as Applied 

 to the working of Street and Other Railways," 

 are important works on transportation. Fow- 

 ler's " Coleoptera of the British Islands " has 

 appeared in its first volume; the "Dictionary 

 of Plant Names," by Britton -Holland, in its 

 third ; and Swainson's " Folk Lore and Provin- 

 cial Names of British Birds " in its seventeenth. 

 In political science an important work is Sir 

 Charles Dilke's " The Present Position of 

 European Politics." The Irish problem has 

 called forth a great abundance of literary mat- 

 ter, including Prof. Dicey's "England's Case 

 against Home Rule"; Prof. T. D. Ingraham's 

 " History of the Legislative Union of Great 

 Britain and Ireland " ; Mr. Shaw-Lefevre's 

 " Peel and O'Connor " ; Sir C. Gavan Duffy's 

 " League of the North and South, an Episode 

 of Irish History in 1850-'54 " ; Mr. J. O'Neil 

 Daunt's "Eighty-five Years of Irish History "; 

 R. Barry O'Brien's "Irish Wrongs and Eng- 

 lish Remedies"; and Prof. Bryce's " Hand- 

 Book of Home Rule," which is a collection of 

 articles setting forth a Gladstonian view of the 

 question. Baron E. de Mandat-Grancey's 

 "Paddy at Home " completes the list on Irish 

 subjects. In economics we have Prof. Thorold 

 Rogers in his " First Nine Years of the Bank 

 of England"; Mr. A.M. Smith's "Subjective 

 Political Economy " ; Prof. Barstable's " The 

 Theory of International Trade"; "Common- 

 Sense Socialism," by N. Kempner ; and Ed- 

 ward Carpenter's "England's Ideal," and other 

 papers on social problems. Religious writings 

 include Dr. Sayce's Hibbert "Lectures on the 

 Origin and Growth of Religion, as Illustrated 

 by the Religion of the Ancient Babylonians " ; 

 Dr. Biggs's " The Christian Platonists of Al- 

 exandria " ; Dr. Chase's " The Growth of 

 Church Institutions " ; Dr. Edwin A. Abbott's 

 " The Kernel and the Husk in Christianity"; 

 Mr. Haweis's completed studies of "Christ 

 and Christianity " ; and Dr. Cheyne's " Mono- 

 graph on Job and Solomon." What is termed 

 by English critics "the most stirring book in 

 the theology of the year," is Mr. J. Cotter 

 Morison's essay toward the religion of the 



