582 



OBITUARIES, AMERICAN". 



Prison at Charlestown, Mass. Her early aim 

 was to effect a moral improvement of the con- 

 victs, for which purpose she established a 

 school within the prison. After four years of 

 such teaching she became restless for a larger 

 field. In 1834 she sailed for Europe, and spent 

 the succeeding three years in investigating the 

 methods of treatment for the pauper, insane, 

 and criminal classes. On her return in 1837, 

 she applied herself to ascertaining.the condi- 

 tion of the insane in the prisons and the poor- 

 houses of the United States, beginning her 

 work in the institutions of her native State. 

 She traveled from State to State, lodging 

 among the objects of her solicitude, examining 

 the sanitary condition of poor-houses, prisons, 

 and asylums, noting the methods of treatment, 

 and suggesting such improvements as her Eu- 

 ropean travels had impressed her as being 

 advantageous, and collecting a mass of statisti- 

 cal information remarkable alike in detail and 

 extent. Legislatures were appealed to by her 

 for a more humane treatment of the insane. 

 Her arguments, accompanied by a wealth of 

 irresistible and indisputable facts, aroused the 

 attention and sympathy of the public, and in- 

 variably led to the erection of asylums for the 

 insane in accordance with her views. To her 

 efforts more than to those of any other person, 

 are due the costly, commodious, and scientif- 

 ically conducted institutions for this class of 

 unfortunates that now exist in every part of 

 the country. For many years she toiled with- 

 out success to secure from the General Govern- 

 ment an allotment of 10,000,000 acres of land 

 among the several States for the relief of the 

 indigent insane, but accomplished what was 

 more immediately practical within the States 

 themselves. Upon the breaking out of the 

 civil war she volunteered her services to the 

 Government, and while awaiting acceptance 

 went to Baltimore in April, 1861, and nursed 

 the Massachusetts soldiers wounded in the mob 

 attack. On June 10 she was appointed Super- 

 intendent of Female Nurses by the Secretary 

 of War, and held the office till several months 

 after the close of the war, when she resumed 

 lier mission for the insane. She defrayed her 

 entire expenses from her private means, never 

 received a cent of pay, and died among her 

 wards in the New Jersey State Asylum for the 

 Insane at Trenton. 



Doniphan, Alexander W., an American lawyer, 

 born near Maysville, Mason County, Ky., July 

 9, 1808 ; died in Richmond, Mo., Aug. 8, 1887. 

 He was graduated at Augusta College, Ken- 

 tucky, in 1826, and two years later was ad- 

 mitted to practice in the Supreme Court of 

 Ohio. In 1830 he removed to Missouri, set- 

 tling in Lexington and beginning his long and 

 brilliant legal career. In 1836 he was elected 

 a member of the State Legislature, and in 1838 

 appointed brigadier-general of Missouri militia, 

 his brigade being the one selected by the Gov- 

 ernor to drive the Mormons from the State. In 

 1846, when a requisition was made on the 



Governor for volunteers to join Gen. Kearny 

 in his expedition to Mexico, Doniphan was ap- 

 pointed colonel of the First Regiment of Mis- 

 souri Mounted Volunteers, and with his regi- 

 ment marched 900 miles across a treeless des- 

 ert and over lofty mountains, dispersed the 

 Mexican forces defending Santa Fe, entered 

 that ancient capital, and declared all New 

 Mexico annexed to the United States. He then 

 received orders to reduce the Navajo Indians 

 on the western slope of the Rocky mountains 

 to submission, and after accomplishing that he 

 turned his horses' heads toward the city of 

 Mexico. On Christmas-day, 1846, he was at- 

 tacked by a superior Mexican force, which he 

 routed with great loss, and on the last day of 

 the month defeated 4,000 Mexicans near Chi- 

 huahua, of which city he took possession on 

 March 1, 1847. Then, by a march of 700 miles, 

 he joined Gen. Wool at Saltillo on May 21. 

 After the war he resumed the practice of law, 

 returning to western Missouri in 1860, and liv- 

 ing quietly in Richmond till his death. 



Dnffield, Samuel Willonghby, an American cler- 

 gyman, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., Sept. 24, 

 1843 ; died in Bloomfield, N. J., May 12, 1887. 

 He was a son of the Rev. George Duffield, 

 D. D., for many years pastor of the old Presby- 

 terian Church in Bloomfield. He was gradu- 

 ated at Yale in 1863, and after teaching a short 

 time in Adrian, Mich., began the study of the- 

 ology under his father's direction. In 1866 he 

 was licensed to preach, and assigned to the 

 charge of a mission enterprise in Chicago, and 

 on Nov. 12, 1867, was ordained and installed 

 as pastor of the Kenderton Presbyterian Church 

 in Philadelphia. In 1871 he became pastor of 

 the First Presbyterian Church, Ann Arbor, 

 Mich.; in 1874, of the Eighth Presbyterian 

 Church, Chicago, 111. ; in 1876, of the Central 

 Presbyterian Church, Auburn, N. Y. ; in 1878, 

 of the Second Presbyterian Church, Altoona, 

 Pa. ; and in 1881, of the Westminster Presby- 

 terian Church, Bloomfield, N. J., where he re- 

 mained until his death. In 1886 he ruptured 

 a blood-vessel of the heart, and was compelled 

 to cease active pastoral labor, but occupied his 

 period of illness with literary work, preparing 

 poems and essays on religious topics for publi- 

 cation in "The Independent." His publica- 

 tions include " Warp and Woof," a book of 

 verse (New York, 1870), and an elaborate 

 work on "English Hymns, their Authors and 

 History " (1886). 



Dulles, John Welsh, an American clergyman, 

 born in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 4, 1823; died 

 there April 13, 1887. He was graduated at 

 Yale in 1844, and for two years pursued the 

 study of medicine in the University of Penn- 

 sylvania ; then entered Union Theological 

 Seminary, New York city, in 1846, and com- 

 pleted the course there in 1848. He was or- 

 dained October 2 by the Fourth Presbytery of 

 Philadelphia, and eight days later sailed for 

 Madras, India, as a missionary of the Ameri- 

 can Board. A loss of -voice led to his return 



