632 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN". 



campaign of 1866, as a general of division, lie 

 performed brilliant services at Nachod, Skalitz, 

 and Schweinschadel. As commander of the 

 Fifth Army Corps during the Franco-Prussian 

 "War, he took part in the battles of Weissen- 

 burg, Worth, and Sedan. During the siege of 

 Paris his duty was to cover the headquarters 

 of the Emperor and Crown-Prince. He re- 

 tired from active service in 1880. 



Krasezewski, Joseph Ignatius, a Polish author, 

 born in "Warsaw, July 26, 1812; died at Dres- 

 den, March 20, 1887. He entered Wilna Uni- 

 versity in 1825. In the insurrection of 1830 

 he was one of the most active students, and 

 was prominent in their councils. He was ar- 

 rested, and after being tried was sentenced to 

 death, but influential friends obtained his par- 

 don. Retiring to the country, he began a lit- 

 erary career, and wrote a great number of 

 novels, painting Polish life of every period and 

 ever phase. He removed to Warsaw in I860, 

 and became editor of the " Tagblatt." Al- 

 though he did his utmost to restrain the people 

 from insurrection, he was exiled from Poland 

 in consequence of the disturbances of 1862-'63, 

 and took up his residence in Dresden. He was, 

 perhaps, the most prolific writer of modern 

 times, and, besides novels, produced works of 

 history, criticism, and philosophy. His pub- 

 lished volumes number almost five hundred. 



Rrikor, Odian Eflfendl, a Turkish statesman, 

 born in 1834; died in Paris, France, Aug. 30, 

 1887. He was of Armenian birth, and long 

 held the post of Under-Secretary in the Minis- 

 try of Public Works at Constantinople. He 

 was much consulted by Midhat Pasha, AH 

 Pasha, and other Turkish ministers, and was 

 more than once offered a Cabinet office. 

 Through his instrumentality the organic law of 

 the Armenian nation was in 1862 enacted as a 

 law of the Ottoman Empire. The Turkish 

 Constitution that was promulgated in 1876 was 

 in its original form elaborated by him, and in 

 the same year Midhat Pasha sent him on a 

 special mission to England, and again in 1877 

 to implore the aid of the British Government in 

 the impending war with Russia. In 1879 the 

 Sultan deprived him of his office and dignities, 

 and after that he lived in exile. 



Krnpp, Alfred, a German engineer, born in 

 Essen, Germany, April 26, 1812; died there, 

 July 14, 1887. He was the son of Friedrich 

 Krupp, the proprietor of a small foundry. He 

 extended the business with his brother, and in 

 1848 became sole owner of the works which 

 were still called by his father's name, in the 

 course of time developing the greatest steel- 

 casting industry in the world. After many ex- 

 periments he succeeded in making steel in large 

 blocks. At the London exhibition he showed 

 an ingot weighing twenty centners, which was 

 more than double the size that had previously 

 been achieved. When cast-steel became the 

 approved metal for cannon he became the pur- 

 veyor of ordnance, not only to Germany, but 

 to most of the governments of the world. In 



Europe, only France and England have not 

 provided themselves with Krupp guns. The 

 factory had, up to 1885, furnished thirty-four 

 states with artillery of various calibers, num- 

 bering in all two hundred thousand pieces. 

 The Krupp breech-loaders, which are made of 

 all sizes, some of them rivaling the largest 

 guns of Armstrong and Whitworth in England, 

 surpass all others in durability, accuracy, and 

 range, owing partly to the purity, fineness, and 

 strength of the metal employed, and partly to 

 peculiarities of construction. Besides cannon 

 and shells, the works at Essen turn out steel 

 rails, axles, wheels, and machinery of various 

 kinds. The firm employs more than twenty 

 thousand persons. There are seventy-seven 

 steam-hammers constantly at work in the fac- 

 tories, which cover a thousand acres, besides 

 mining and smelting works elsewhere. Private 

 railroads connect Essen with the railroad sys- 

 tem of Germany, and four steamers are em- 

 ployed in bringing metal from the mines owned 

 by the Krupps in northern Spain. 



Langenbeck, Berabard von, a German surgeon, 

 born in Hanover, Germany, in 1810; died in 

 Wiesbaden, Germany, Sept. 30, 1887. He was 

 a member of a. noted medical family, began his 

 career as a professor at Kiel, and in 1848 re- 

 ceived a call to Berlin, where he taught and 

 practiced with brilliant success until 1882, when 

 he retired from active practice. He had the rep- 

 utation of being the best operator in Germany, 

 though he represented the conservative or non- 

 amputating school of surgery. He paid special 

 attention to the subject of gunshot and stab 

 wounds, and as surgeon-general of the Prussian 

 army did conspicuous work in the campaigns 

 of 1866 and 1870. 



La nircr, Karl, an Austrian anatomist, born in 

 1819; died at Vienna, Dec. 17, 1887. He 

 studied at Vienna and Prague, and in 1842 ob- 

 tained an assistant professorship in Vienna. 

 In 1850 he was promoted to a professorship, 

 and in 1856 became Professor of Zoology at the 

 Buda-Pesth University. Returning to Vienna 

 in 1870, he was appointed Professor of Anatomy 

 at the Josefinum and the university. A few 

 years before his death he was created a privy 

 councilor, with the title of Ritter von Eden- 

 berg. He was a voluminous writer, and, al- 

 though he belonged to the older school of an- 

 atomists, he was esteemed for his learning and 

 experimental researches. His " Manual of 

 Anatomy " (Vienna, 1865) has been translated 

 into almost every European language. 



Langlewicz, Marian, a Polish patriot, born in 

 Krotoszin, Posen, Aug. 5, 1827, died in Con- 

 stantinople in May, 1887. He was prominent 

 in the Polish insurrection of 1863. He de- 

 feated the Russians in several engagements in 

 February and March of that year, and assumed 

 a dictatorship, but was soon afterward over- 

 powered by force of numbers, taken prisoner, 

 and confined in Bohemia. In 1865 he was re- 

 leased at the request of the Swiss Government, 

 and took up his residence at Scutari. 



