OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



637 



Schlrmer, Heinrich Ernst, a German architect, 

 born at Leipsic in 1814; died at Giessen in 

 December, 1887. Early in life lie entered the 

 service of the Norwegian Government, and 

 was employed in the designing and erection 

 of public buildings. Many of the most beauti- 

 ful edifices in Norway are due to him. Bis 

 principal work was the restoration of the 

 Drontheim Cathedral in 1869-'71. 



Schmidt, Wiihelm Idolf, a German historian, 

 born in Berlin, Prussia, Sept. 26, 1812 ; died 

 in Jena, April 10, 1887. He entered the uni- 

 versity at Berlin in 1831, studied history un- 

 der Ranke, giving attention also to philology, 

 and after teaching in different gymnasia be- 

 came tutor in ancient history at Berlin in 1840. 

 In 1842 he published a pamphlet on the Greek 

 papyrus manuscripts in the Berlin Library. 

 He became extraordinary professor in 1844, 

 and began a highly successful course of lect- 

 ures on modern history. He also founded a 

 magazine of historical science, which was con- 

 tinued till 1848, when he took his seat in the 

 Frankfort Parliament. He was an earnest ad- 

 vocate of a German union under Prussian su- 

 premacy, and published a brochure on ''Prus- 

 sia's German Policy," the arguments of which 

 were supported by citations from the secret 

 archives of Berlin in a fuller work entitled 

 11 Prusso - German Unionist Aims since the 

 Time of Frederick the Great." The triumph 

 of absolutism drove him to Zurich in 1851, 

 where his professional duties were more ex- 

 acting. There he published a work entitled 

 "Contemporary History" (1859), and when 

 war was threatened between France and Prus- 

 sia in 1859 he wrote a book on " Elsass and 

 Lothringen," recounting the circumstances of 

 their annexation to France. He began at 

 Zurich the revision of Becker's " Universal 

 History." In I860 Schmidt was called to 

 Jena to take the chair that Droysen had left 

 vacant. He published a work on " Paris in 

 the Time of the Revolution" (3 vols., Jena, 

 1874-'76) and a volume of historical parallels 

 entitled " Epochs and Catastrophes," and af- 

 terward devoted himself exclusively to Greek 

 history. Two volumes dealing with " The 

 Age of Pericles " were issued, and a third vol- 

 ume was partly printed. 



Schroder, Karl, a German physician, born in 

 1838; died in Berlin, Prussia, Feb. 7, 1887. 

 He was a professor in the University of Ber- 

 lin, and was surgeon of a hospital for women 

 which attracted students and patients from all 

 parts of the world. The strain of his profes- 

 sional work brought on fatal brain-fever. 



Simpson, John Palgraye, an English dramatic 

 author, born in Norfolk, England, in 1809; 

 died in London, England, Aug. 19, 1887. He 

 was educated at Corpus Christi College, Cam- 

 bridge, and was intended for the Church, but 

 abandoned the idea of a clerical profession. 

 After traveling for several years on the Conti- 

 nent he entered the literary profession, and 

 for many years contributed to "Fraser," 



" Blackwood," and " Bentley's Miscellany." 

 He published : " Second Love, and Other Tales " 

 (1846); " Gisella, a Novel" (1847); "Letters 

 from the Danube" (1847); "The Lily of 

 Paris, or the King's Nurse " (1848) ; and 

 " Pictures from Revolutionary Paris " (1848). 

 In 1850 he began writing for the stage. His 

 dramatic works consist of about sixty plays 

 and farces, among which are " World and 

 Stage," " Second Love," " Sybilla, or Step by 

 Step," " A Scrap of Paper," " Alone," " Time 

 and the Hour," "All for Her," and "Court 

 Cards, a School for Coquettes." In 1865 he 

 wrote a "Life of Weber," and more recently 

 published " For Ever and Never," a novel. 



Stewart, Balfonr, an English physicist, born in 

 Edinburgh, Scotland, Nov. 1, 1828; died in 

 Balrath, Ireland, Dec. 19, 1887. He was edu- 

 cated at the universities of St. Andrews and 

 Edinburgh where he showed special ability as 

 a mathematician. After graduation he spent 

 four years in a mercantile house in compliance 

 with the wishes of his father and then passed 

 several years in Australia, but finally deter- 

 mined to devote his attention to physical sci- 

 ences. On his return -home during 1856-'58 he 

 assisted James D. Forbes, then Professor of 

 Natural Philosophy at the University of Edin- 

 burgh. In 1859 he was appointed director of 

 the Magnetic Observatory at Kew, and in 

 1867 to the secretaryship of the meteorological 

 committee. These offices he resigned in 1870 

 to accept the chair of Natural Philosophy in 

 Owens College, Manchester, which place he 

 held until his death. In 1868 he received the 

 Rumford medal from the Royal Society of Lon- 

 don for his discovery of the law of equality be- 

 tween the absorptive and radiative powers of 

 bodies, and the degree of LL. D. had been 

 conferred on him by the University of Edin- 

 burgh. Besides being a Fellow of the Royal 

 Society of London, the Astronomical and the 

 Meteorological Societies of London, he was a 

 member of learned bodies, both in the United 

 States and on the Continent, and at the time of 

 his death was president of the Physical Society 

 and of the Society for Psychical Research in 

 London, also a member of the committee ap- 

 pointed to advise the Government on solar 

 physics. In addition to many papers on sub- 

 jects connected with various branches of phys- 

 ics among which are : with Warren De la Rue 

 and others " Researches on Solar Physics," and 

 with Peter G. Tait researches on the " Heating 

 Produced by Rotation in Vacuo " ; on " Meteor- 

 ology and Magnetism " ; and a recent article 

 " Terrestrial Magnetism," for the "Encyclopro- 

 dia Britannica," in which he advocates a work- 

 ing hypothesis. Prof. Stewart published an 

 "Elementary Treatise on Heat"(1871); "Lesson 

 in Elementary Physics " (1871) ; a science prim- 

 er on " Physics " (1872) ; " The Conservation of 

 Energy " (1874) ; in the " International Scien- 

 tific Series," with Peter G. Tait, "The Unseen 

 Universe"(1875), of which twelve editions have 

 been issued, and "Practical Physics" (1885). 



