SPAIN. 



739 



Fernando Leon y Castillo as Minister of the 

 Interior in November, 1887. Gen. Cassola on 

 March 8, 1887, replaced Gen. Ignacio de Cas- 

 tillo in the Ministry of War. 



Area and Population. The area of Continental 

 Spain is 492,230 square kilometres, and the pop- 

 ulation at the end of 1885 was 16.609,295. The 

 Balearic Islands have an area of 5,014 square 

 kilometres and 309,216 inhabitants; the Cana- 

 ries are 7,272 square kilometres in extent, and 

 contain 307,743 inhabitants ; and the Spanish 

 territory on the north coast of Africa, exclu- 

 sive of Ceuta, which is attached to the prov- 

 ince of Cadiz, is 35 square kilometres in extent, 

 with 2,522 inhabitants ; making the total area 

 of the kingdom 504,551 square kilometres and 

 the total population 17,228,776. 



The principal cities of the kingdom and 

 their population, as computed in December, 

 1885, are as follow : Madrid, 387,080 ; Barce- 

 lona, 243,077; Valencia, 140,282; Sevilla, 

 131,209; Malaga, 110,478; Murcia, 91,1)48; 

 Saragossa, 81,012; Carthagena, 75,908 (1877); 

 Granada, 67,395 ; Jeres, 64,533 (1877) ; Palma, 

 59,586 ; Cadiz, 58,042. 



The Army. The peace effective of the Span- 

 ish army is fixed by the law of April 14, 1887, 

 at 131,400 men, of whom 100,000 serve in the 

 peninsula, 19,000 in Cuba, 8,700 in the Philip- 

 pines, and 3,700 in Porto Rico. The number 

 of horses is 16,495, and the number of cannon 

 416. In time of war the strength of the army 

 is 869,353 men, with 23,467 horses and 484 

 cannon. (For statistics of the navy see the 

 "Annual Cyclopedia " for 1886.) 



Finances. The budget for the year ending 

 June 30, 1888, estimates the revenue at 850,- 

 596,753 pesetas, approximately equivalent to 

 $170,119,000, of which sum 263,293,362 pese- 

 tas are derived from direct taxation, 134,723,- 

 000 pesetas from indirect taxation, 135,000,- 

 000 pesetas from customs, 217,262,950 pesetas 

 from stamps and regies, 33,662,441 pesetas 

 from national property, and 66,655,000 pesetas 

 from receipts of the treasury. The total ex- 

 penditure is estimated at 855,753,015 pesetas, 

 of which the following are the items: Public 

 debt, 274,861,752 pesetas; Ministry of War, 

 158,343,267 pesetas ; Ministry of Public Works, 

 103,912.367 pesetas; Ministry of Justice, 59,- 

 680,656 pesetas; indemnities and pensions, 

 50,209.728 pesetas; Ministry of Finance, 22,- 

 801.620 pesetas; collection * of taxes, 89,023,- 

 511 pesetas; Ministry of Marine, 44,572,322 

 pesetas; Ministry of the Interior, 31,985,529 

 pesetas; civil list, 9,350,000 pesetas; Ministry 

 of Foreign Affairs, 5,396,658 pesetas; legis- 

 lation, 2,299,205 pesetas; judicial expenses, 

 2,167.441 pesetas; Presidency of the Council 

 of Ministers, 1,148,959 pesetas. 



The capital of the public debt in the begin- 

 ning of 1886 amounted to 6,324,070,926 pese- 

 tas, paying 237,161,098 pesetas of interest in 

 that year. 



The principal financial measure of the Gov- 

 ernment in 1887 was the lease of the tobacco 



monopoly for the price of 90,000,000 pesetas 

 per unnurn. The bill received the royal sanc- 

 tion on April 2. The lease was taken by the 

 Bank of Spain, which contracted to pay the 

 stated sum for three years and thereafter half 

 the profits in addition to the same annual 

 price. The deterioration of Spanish wines 

 through adulteration with inferior grades of 

 alcohol impelled the Government to study 

 measures for the exclusion of the deleterious 

 potato brandy known as Hamburg spirits. 

 Since, however, this might be construed by 

 the German Government as a violation of the 

 favored-nation clause, it was decided to sub- 

 ject all distilled liquors, domestic as well es 

 imported, to a thorough inspection, and by 

 suitable means to so destroy the nature of all 

 except the absolutely pure as to render them 

 useless for the manufacture of beverages. 



Commerce. The total value of the import 

 trade in 1885 was 764,757,664 pesetas, equiva- 

 lent to about $152,950,000, against 779,643,- 

 866 pesetas in 1884 ; the value of the export 

 trade, 698,003,042 pesetas, against 619,192,339 

 pesetas. The proportions in which foreign 

 countries participated in the foreign trade of 

 1885 are shown in the following table, giving 

 in round numbers the import and export trade 

 with each in pesetas : 



The following were the values of the princi- 

 pal imports in 1885 : Cotton and cotton manu- 

 factures, 83,798,100 pesetas; spirits, ,57,454,- 

 250 pesetas; wool and woolen manufactures, 

 41,588,500 pesetas; timber, 36,747,475 pese- 

 tas; fish, 29,975,000 pesetas; sugar, 28,236,- 

 600 pesetas ; coal. 26,344,925 pesetas ; wheat 

 and flour, 26,198,750 pesetas; machinery, 21,- 

 898,505 pesetas; hides and skins, 20,897,700 

 pesetas ; silk manufactures, 20,300,000 pese- 

 tas, iron and iron manufactures, 19,417,575 

 pesetas; hemp and flax, 17,875,450 pesetas. 



The values of the leading exports were as 

 follow: Wine, 270,923,000 pesetas; fruit, 47,- 

 068,925 pesetas ; lead and lead ores, 41,702.450 

 pesetas ; oil, 35,968,350 pesetas ; iron -ore, 34,- 

 055,875 pesetas; copper-ore, 23,576,750 pese- 

 tas; cattle, 19,393,675 pesetas; cork, 15,617,- 

 800 pesetas; esparto grass, 8,143,050 pesetas. 

 The wine exports amounted to 152,778,000 

 gallons, of which 117,000,000 gallons went to 

 France. 



