. 



was provided with an ami at ritlicr etui; and 

 they had high backs, slightly curved, and filling 

 comfortably t" the back of (he sitter. The 

 benches we're separated by eight gangways lead- 

 ing In \\WK\IIUUUS above, while there was also 

 u KA/uof at either end. Below the benche> was a 

 channel In carry <>lf the water, and beyond that 

 a nii-rd stone bonier bounding the orchestra. 

 The discovery of steps leading up from t he or- 

 chestra was at first regarded as indicating that 

 the theatre had a raised stage; but these steps 

 were afterward found to have formed no part of 

 the original plan, anil the idea of a raised stage 

 has been abandoned. But it is believed that a 

 raised statue was added at a later date. Another 

 building which lias been cleared is supposed to 

 have inclosed the temple of Zeus Soter. 



The Tomb at Vaphio. The village of Va- 

 nhio, near the Homeric towns of Amyche and 

 rhiiris, southeast of Sparta, is marked by a tumu- 

 lus resembling in external appearance the struct- 

 ures called tip- treasuries of Myceme. This tomb 

 was explored in 1889 by Mr. Tsoundas, under 

 the direction of the Greek Archaeological Office. 

 A high interest is attached to the tomb, because 

 its date can not be later than the eighth century 

 H. c., and it is supposed to be one or two hun- 

 dred years older. In it were found a collection 

 of funeral offerings, consisting of vases of metal 

 and clay, ornaments of gold and silver, bronze 

 arms, domestic utensils, and stones engraved in 

 an archaic style. The chief objects of interest 

 are two gold cups, ornamented with cattle de- 

 signs in repousse work, in a style which was 

 first observed in vessels found at Mycenas, but 

 with an excellence of conception and a fidelity ,to 

 nature not previously remarked in any work of 

 archaic Greek art. The design on one of the cups 

 portrays a hunting scene in a hilly and rough 

 country, where men clothed in drawers and high 

 shoes are hunting wild bulls. One of the bulls 

 has been caught in a large net attached to two 

 trees, and is lifting up his head in his struggles 

 to extricate himself. On the left a bull is dash- 

 ing furiously away from the scene, overthrowing 

 two of the hunters in his fury ; while on the 

 right a third bull is galloping away, with his 

 heels thrown high up into the air. On the other 

 cup is a representation of tame cattle. A man 

 holds in his hand a rope which is passed around 

 the leg of a captive bull, while farther on are 

 three bulls standing quietly in their pasture. 

 The drawing in botli designs is spirited and in- 

 spired by a high artistic sense, but is marked by 

 devices to represent distance in the absence of 

 perspective, and by exaggerations in the atti- 

 tudes of the animals, that stamp it as of an 

 archaic period. 



The Sculptures at Lycosura. The labors 

 of the Grecian Office of Excavations, under the 

 directory of M. Kawadias, at Lycosura, in Ar- 

 cadia, were rewarded by the discovery, in the 

 temple of Despoena, of the remains of what seem 

 to be the works described by I 'ausanias as con- 

 stituting the group of seated figures of Demeter 

 and I>espiena seated, with Artemis and Anytus 

 standing beside them, by the artist Damophon, 

 of Mc--em a contemporary of Scopas. Praxit- 

 eles, and Lysippus of whom no work was known 

 to be extent. The pieces discovered include a 

 female head of colossal size ; another female head 



and a male, bearded head (of the type of Po*ei- 

 doro, also colossal, but rather smaller; various 

 fragments of colossal statues, including hands 

 holding the at tributes (a torch, a snake) descri bed 

 by Pausanias; a large fragment of drapery with 

 figures in relief, representing female and male 

 forms changed into different animals (a ram, an 

 ass, a horse, etc.) ; a Nereid on a sea monster ; 

 winged forms, one of which holds a torch ; dol- 

 phins, eagles, and other birds; fragments of tin- 

 feet of a marble throne; and four female forms 

 terminating in double tails of snakes or fishes, 

 apparently the supports of a throne or table. 



Recovered Greek Work*. A number of 

 literary works of great interest have been re- 

 covered through the examination ( f papyri in the 

 British Museum. One of the most important of 

 these is a copy, nearly complete, except as to the 

 beginning and the last chapter, of the work on 

 the Constitution of Athens, which was ascribed 

 by ancient authors to Aristotle. It is written on 

 the verso or wrong side of a papyrus, the recto 

 or right side of which is occupied with a private 

 current account of the eleventh year of the Ro- 

 man Emperor Vespasian, which, together with 

 the style of the writing, fixes the date of the 

 copy as not very far from that time. The trea- 



ROMAN ROLL AND TOILET AUTICLC8. 



tise on the constitution of Athens is one of 158 

 works containing accounts of the constitutions 

 of various states which were drawn up by Aris- 

 totle, or under his direction, as materials f.T 

 studies in constitutional history. It cons: 



