AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



65 



(excluding still-born), 544,478; surplus of 

 births over deaths, 215,184. 



The emigrants from Austria-Hungary in 1888 

 were returned as 48,567, of which number 41,665 

 wi-iv destined for the United States and 2,333 for 

 Argentina. 



The population of the chief cities of Austria 

 was estimated at the end of 1888 as follows: 

 Vienna. l.:}50,000: Prague, 304,000 ; Trieste, 160,- 

 000; Lemberg, 122,000; Gratz, 106.000. Buda- 

 IVsth, the Hungarian capital, had 465,600 inhab- 

 itants in 1890. 



Commerce. The general commerce of Aus- 

 tria-Hungary for 1889 amounted to 578,000,000 

 florins of imports and 747.200,000 florins of ex- 

 ports, not including specie, as compared with 

 533.100,000 florins of imports and 728,800,000 

 florins of exports in 1888. The following were 

 the largest imports in 1888 : Cotton, 52,300,000 

 florins: wool, 37,900,000 florins; coffee, 32,800,- 

 000 florins : coal, 17,000,000 florins : woolen yarns. 

 16,500,000 florins; silk, 15,800,000 florins; leaf 

 tobacco. 15,100,000 florins ; hides, skins, and pel- 

 try, 14,500,000 florins; machinery, 14,200,000 flor- 

 ins ; manufactured tobacco, 14,100,000 florins ; 

 cotton yarns, 14,100.000 florins; leather, 13,500,- 

 000 florins; silk goods, 10,400,000 florins; books, 

 10.200,000 florins; hardware and clocks, 10.100,000 

 florins; colors and tanning materials, 10,000,000 

 Hi Tins; woolen goods, 9,900,000 florins; cattle, 

 8.600.000 florins ; grain, 5,200,000 florins. The 

 chief exports in 1888 were of the following val- 

 ue-: drain. 95,500,000 florins; timber, 58,300.000 

 florins ; sugar, 50,700.000 florins ; hardware, 30,- 

 900.000 florins : flour, 29,500.000 florins ; woolen 

 goods, 24.900.000 florins ; coal, 23,900.000 florins ; 

 wines, 21,600,000 florins ; cattle, 19,300.000 flor- 

 ins ; wool, 18,900,000 florins ; glass and glassware, 

 17,000,000 florins: wood manufactures, 15.400,- 

 000 florins : paper manufacturers, 14,100,000 flor- 

 in-: feathers, 12,300,000 florins; poultry, 12,100,- 

 000 florins; gloves, 11, 900,000 florins; iron manu- 

 facture-. 1 1,500.000 florins; leather manufactures, 

 10..-.00.000 florins: silk manufactures, 9,100,000 

 florins; minerals, 8,900,000 florins; linen yarns, 

 8,000,000 florins. 



The imports of precious metals in 1888 were 

 VOL. xxxi. 5 A 



27,100,000 florins; and the exports, 12,200,000 

 florins. 



The import* into Hungary from Austria and 

 all other countries in IHKH wen- 446,631, (MX) flor- 

 ins, and the exports of Hungary were 444,888.- 

 000 florins, in total value. Cereals were exported 

 in 1889 to the amount of 152,771.000 florins; 

 cattle for 75.296.(XK) florins; and wines and 

 liquors for 27,069,000 florins ; the total value of 

 exports for that year being 460,563.<XXJ, and that 

 of iiii|>orts 459,478,000 florins. The free cities of 

 Trie-te and Kiume, in which, under their ancient 

 franchises, no duties were collected, except on 

 the Government monopolies of tobacco, salt, and 

 gunpowder, on July 1, 1891, were incorporated 

 in the customs territory of the monarchy. 



Navigation. During 1888 there were 68.749 

 vessels, of 8,861,526- tons, entered and 68,634, of 

 8.357,598 tons, cleared at Austrian ports and 10,- 

 185, of 994,095 tons, entered and 10,150, of 997,- 

 167 tons, cleared at the ports of Hungary. Of 

 the total tonnage about 82 per cent, was Austrian. 

 The merchant marine of Austria-Hungary on 

 Jan. 1, 1890, com prised 69 ocean steamers, of 81,- 

 870 tons ; 102 coasting steamers, of 14,522 tons, 

 and 9,851 sailing vessels of all sizes, of 160.799 

 tons. The Austro-Hungarian Lloyd Steamship 

 Company, having become financially embar- 

 rassed, was in 1891 taken under the Austrian 

 Government, which will appoint the president 

 and be represented in the board of directors. 

 By an agreement with the Hungarian Govern- 

 ment, which has ceased all connection with the 

 Lloyd Company, its steamers will monopolize 

 the service to the Levant, India, and China, and 

 the Hungarian Adriatic 'Company will have 

 America for its field, except Brazil, which is 

 open to both lines. 



Railroads. On Jan. 1, 1890, the Austrian 

 Government owned 6,869 kilometres of railroads, 

 but operated only 5,024 kilometres, while com- 

 panies owned 7,814 kilometres and worked 9,659 

 Kilometres. In Hungary the state owned 4.327 kil- 

 ometres which it worked, and 4,117. kilometres 

 which were leased to companies, while 2,256 

 kilometres were both ownea and managed by 

 private capital. The length of railroads in Aus- 

 tria was 14,683 kilometres, or 9,177 miles, and in 

 Hungary 10,700 kilometres, or 6,700 miles. The 

 total mileage increased from 11,206 in 1877 to 

 14,499 in 1885, and the capital expenditure from 

 2,761,152,000 to 3.475.203,000 florins. In 1890 

 the mileage was 15,877, not counting 342 miles 

 in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 



Posts and Telegraphs. The number of let- 

 ters carried in the Austrian mails during 1889 

 was 504,333,000: postal cards, 90,527,400 ; sam- 

 ples, circulars, etc.. 60,195,500 ; newspapers', 93.- 

 000,000. The Hungarian post-office handled 

 135,739,000 letters. 37.207,000 postal cards, and 

 19,072,000 patterns, circulars, etc. The post- 

 office in Bosnia and Herzegovina forwarded 6,- 

 793,000, letters and postal cards, 341,400 samples 

 and circulars, and 876,400 newspapers. 



The telegraphs in Austria haa in 1889 a total 

 length of 26,677 kilometres of line, with 73,008 

 kilometres of wire; in Hungary the length of 

 line was 18,693 kilometres, with 47.919 kilo- 

 metres of wire ; in Bosnia and Herzegovina there 

 were 2,806 kilometres of line, and 5,869 kilo- 

 metres of wire. The messages for that year num- 



