CAPE COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA. 



103 



down tho huts in all directions. The Colonial 



nmeiit abstained from interfering, except 

 with admonitions. Sigeau was victorious. 



Vital. The colony of Natal, which was sep- 

 arated from CajH- Colony in 1S56, is negotiating 

 -,f a parliamentary constitution with 

 tin- home (ioxernmenl. The (i.-vernor, Sir 

 Charles H. 11. Mitchell, succeeded Sir A. E. 

 ek in l ss !>. The area of the colony is 

 estimated at 21,150 square miles, and the popu- 

 lation in 1889 at 530,158, comprising :;;,:;'.<) 

 Kuropeans. who are mainly English. 33,480 na- 

 tivesof India, and 459,288 Caff res. The increase, 

 .11 per cent, on the total for 1879, has been 

 little greater in the European than in the native 

 population. In 1878-'84 there were 4,520 as- 

 sisted immigrants brought into the colony, and 

 I. when assisted immigration was resumed, 



7-V.) European colonists were introduced. The 

 revenue of the colony in 1889 was 1,827,105, 

 uu'iiin-t l-'.i!K),014 in 1888 and 600,177 in 1880. 

 The expenditure in 1889 was 1,146,079. The 

 customs duties collected in 1890 were 329,000. 



The revenue from railroads in 1889 was 458,- 

 customs. f:j<i!),4GO ; excise, 23,471; land 



,es, :!},; i:!; posts, 44,965; telegraphs, 28,- 

 12; and 76,004 from the native hut tax. 



he chief expenditures were 512,698 for rail- 



ads, 76,195 for public works, 54,018 for de- 

 'ense. and l-.M-.678 for education. There was 

 a loan expenditure of 790,370, and the debt 

 at the end of the year amounted to 5,035,126. 

 The value of the imports in 1889 was 4,527,015. 

 and of the exports 1,656,318. The exports of 

 wool, amounting to 752,182, of gold, amount- 

 in u r to 584,933, of hides, of the value of 55,- 

 S','11. and of skins. Angora hair, and other prod- 

 ucts, come largely from the neighboring Boer 

 republics. The exports of Natal products 

 amounted to 957,132, the chief articles being 

 raw sugar and rum. The number of vessels en- 

 tered in 1889 was 555, of 513,360 tons. 



The Legislative Council, under the present 

 Constitution, consists of 24 -elected and 7 nomi- 

 nated members. A bill to provide for the estab- 

 lishment of responsible government was sub- 

 mitted to the Colonial Office in April, 1891. It 

 proposed that the Legislative Council should 

 consist of 87 elective members, but had no pro- 

 vision for an upper chamber. As in former 

 negotiations the colonists have insisted on the 

 control over native affairs, so in this draft it was 

 provided that the authority of the Governor, as 

 paramount native chief, should be exercised by 

 the Governor in Council. The London authori- 

 ties refused to assent to this, and to a clause set- 

 ting apart an annual sum of 20,000 for native 

 purposes. I nit giving the control of the items of 

 expenditure to the Legislative Council. Lord 

 Knutsford was firm in reserving to the Gov- 

 ern. >r, as the representative of the Crown, free 

 from the influence of the colonial ministers, the 



litical administration over the native commu- 



i ties and the command and disposition of British 

 troops, and in keeping under the direction of the 

 home Government all action affecting imperial 

 interests or governing the fulfillment of interna- 

 tional obligations. Whatever sum was stipu- 

 lated in the compact as a minimum appropria- 

 tion for the welfare and education of the natives, 

 he proposed to have placed, as in Western Aus- 



tralia, under tho control of a native protection 

 board. The colonial representatives changed 

 the language of the clauses, but not the meaning, 

 in such a way as to meet the objections of the 

 Colonial Office, and the remodeled bill, approved 

 by the Legislative Council in July, was pro- 

 nounced unsatisfactory by the Imperial Govern- 

 ment. A code of native law enacted by the 

 Legislative Council in 1890 was vetoed by the . 

 (iovernoron the ground that it would interfere, 

 with the prerogative of the Imperial Government 

 to make laws for the natives. 



Bechuanaland. The Crown colony of Brit- 

 ish Bechuanaland has an area of 43,000 square 

 miles, and a population estimated in 1885 at 

 44,135. Sir Sidney G. A. Shippard, the Admin- 

 istrator, is also Resident Commissioner for the 

 British Protectorate of Bechuanaland, which ex- 

 tends northward to the Zambezi, having Mata- 

 beleland on the east, and westward over the 

 Kalaharie Desert to tho border of the German 

 Protectorate in Southwest Africa. In May, 1891, 

 the tract called Bastards' country, lying between 

 the twenty-first meridian, the former boundary 

 of Bechuanaland, and the twentieth meridian, 

 the conventional limit of the German Protecto- 

 rate of Namaqualand, was annexed by procla- 

 mation. The reason given for the annexation 

 was that peace was endangered by a trek of 

 Boers and Damaras. When Mr. Rhodes was in 

 England, during the Anglo- Portuguese negotia- 

 tions in the spring of 1891, he obtained for the 

 Cape the right to annex Bechuanaland. 



German Southwest Africa. In 1885, in tho 

 early days of German colonial enterprise, Herr 

 Lilderitz, a German merchant, secured from 

 native chiefs coast lands at Angra Pequefia, in 

 Damaraland, and on the opposite side of the 

 continent at St. Lucia Bay, in Zulualnd, with 

 the expectation of planting German colonies, 

 opening up communications with the Trans- 

 vaal, extending German trade into the Zam- 

 besi region, and establishing a zone of Ger- 

 man influence reaching from shore to shoro 

 north of the regions to which British , activity 

 was at that time confined. The Gladstone 

 Government was spurred to action by the pro- 

 tests of Cape Colonists. A gunboat was sent 

 from Cape Town, which planted the British flag 

 at St. Lucia Bay only a few days before the Ger- 

 man gunboat arrived. An official expedition 

 was conveyed to Damaraland by a German man- 

 of-war, and though Dr. Nachtigal, its head, was 

 unable to make a treaty of protection with 

 Kamahehero, the paramount chief, Dr. Goring, 

 some months later, induced him to sign one 

 which he has since desired to repudiate. Though 

 the British Government refused to inter- 

 fere with the German designs on the south- 

 west coast, the Capo Colonists made efforts to 

 defeat them. They prevailed on the Imperial 

 Government to reoccupy Walfisch Bay, the 

 chief harbor and source of water supply. Robert 

 Lewis, who had long resided among the Da- 

 maras, procured from Kamaherero a concession 

 of mining rights, of the right to build railroads, 

 and of other commercial privileges, about a 

 month before, the German treaty was signed. 

 The German Colonial Company for Southwest 

 Africa, to which Herr Ludentz assigned his 

 rights, found itself hampered by the intrigues of 



