('IT IKS. A Ml-: UK 'AN. (ARKANSAS CITY, ASTORIA, AURORA.) 



147 



I 



: mills '2 foundries, 1 knitting factory, 2 

 .-.mid indii-l rial work-. The popu- 

 i- f,. i:,:{. and in isiio (in three 

 - .:. -howing an inciva-e of *:;;;; p,.|- 

 I'lii- lir-l -eltleiiient \\a- made in iN.'tli at 

 i, and lumbering wa> begun in 1*5*. In 

 there were ii; | inhaliitaiits. In IS71 il was 

 ruled, and in b*73 was de\a-taled liy a 

 iv. In |*?1 waterworks of the Holly 

 erected, with a pumping capacity 

 8,000,000 Callous, the crib being placed in the 

 y. and I lif wheel (then one of the largest in 

 fchigan) the first of its size ever constructed. 

 lie a e-- ,-d valuation of the city in 188J) was 

 ,n:;i.!i(iu, and the debt was less thun $10,000. 

 ie streets are wide, and in 1890 ftve miles were 

 \edand five more underway. Gas and elec- 

 irie lighting are in use, and there are 12 churches, 

 J) pulilie-school buildings, and 8 private and pa- 

 rochial schools. Fishing is carried on extensive- 

 ly, and there is a United States fish hatchery, 

 ' taki-hed in 1882. from which 30,000.000 young 

 hite ti>h were shipped in. 1883. There are 3 

 ational lianks and an opera house. Three week- 

 newspapers are published, and 1 monthly. 

 Arkansas City, a city of Kansas, in Cowley 

 County, near the Oklahoma border line, on Ar- 

 kansas river at the mouth of the Walnut, 250 

 miles southwest of Kansas City, the same dis- 

 tance nonh of Fort Worth, 200 from Fort Scott, 

 d It from Win field, the county seat. It is in 

 e center of a rich agricultural and stock-rais- 

 g district, and with its 3 great systems of 

 il roads the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, 

 e Missouri Pacific, and the St. Louis and San 

 raticisco controls almost the entire trade of 

 e Indian agencies, reservations, and military 

 >MS in Indian Territory. It is the end of a di- 

 ision of the Santa Fe system, and has a round- 

 and machine shops of that road, employ- 

 ing 300 men, in addition to 100 train-men and 

 other employes. In 1880 the population was 

 1.013, and in' 1*90 (in four wards) 8,347. Water 

 power is afforded by a canal 5^ miles long, tap- 



King Arkansas river 4 miles above the city and 

 owing into the Walnut 1^ mile below, with 

 " II of 22 feet. The cost of the canal .was $200,- 

 The manufacturing establishments in 1890 

 : large, flouring mills, 1 planing mill, 1 

 indmill manufactory, a mattress factory, and 

 chair and car-seat factory. The gas works 

 capital of $100,000, and there is an elec- 

 ic-light plant. There are 17 miles of water 

 .tin-. :'. hanks (3 national) with aggregate capi- 



.1 of $435.000 and surplus of $160, a hotel 



'.-ting !?I35.<IO(). an opera house worth $75,000, 

 d 5 school-houses. Two daily and 4 weekly 

 w-papers are published. 



Aslorln, a city of Oregon, the county seat of 

 l:it -op ( '..ii nt y, on the south shore of Columbia 

 river, 13 miles from its mouth, and about 100 

 miles from Portland. It issaid to lie the large-t 

 city in the I'nited States without a railroad, Imt. 

 one i- now under construction, to connect with 

 the Iran-continental lines at Portland. It was 

 founded in 1*11. and named in honor of John 

 .laeol) Astor. chief manager of the American Fur 

 Company. After the war of 1812 it was held by 

 the Hudson May Fur Company until early in the 

 forties, when the tide of emigration set in from 

 the Eastern States. The population in 1870 was 



039; in 1880, 2,808; and in 1890, 6.184. The 

 population of the county is 10,010. Hy I he con- 

 st ruction of I he (ioverninelit jetties at the IDOUth 

 of the Columbia, a channel has been cn-atid of 

 ample depth for the largest ships to pass in (safe- 

 ty, and. accordingly, ocean steamers call at the 

 port. Five or six lines of steamers owned in 

 Astoria ply daily to and from ports on the rivers 

 iiml bays in the vicinity, three lines of bar tugs 

 have headquarters here, and lines of steamers 

 also run to San Francisco and Puget Sound. 

 One line, owned by the Union Pacific Railroad, 

 runs between the city and Portland. Astoria is 

 the headquarters of the salmon fisheries of the 

 Columbia. The sum of $1,300,000 is invested in 

 the industry, the product of which in 1889 was 

 $1.416,177. More than 3,000 fishermen are em- 

 ployed, having 1,500 boats and nets; while the 

 canneries give occupation to 2,000 persons, the 

 majority of whom are Chinese. The water front 

 of the city measures 6 miles. To reach deep wa- 

 ter, docks and warehouses have been constructed 

 several hundred feet out from the shore, and the 

 business streets are crowded down as close to 

 these as possible. Several streets are built on 

 piles, and blocks of stores, residences, hotels, and 

 street railroads are constructed over the water. 

 The buildings are mostly of wood, and where 

 brick is used the foundations are of stone and 

 cement, placed on piles driven to a great depth 

 and cutoff below the water line. In this part 

 of the city no sewers are required, the tide carry- 

 ing away all refuse. Residences, churches, and 

 other buildings are extending back on the hills, 

 and streets are being graded up steep inclines. 

 Clatsop County is about 30 miles square, and 

 contains but one township of open land, the rest 

 being heavily timbered with Oregon pine, spruce, 

 cedar, larch, hemlock, maple, and cottonwood. 

 Only along the streams are the forests largely 

 cut. Three saw mills have a daily aggregate 

 capacity of 150,000 feet, and manufactured lum- 

 ber is shipped east. By sea it is sent to Cali- 

 fornia, Mexico, South America, and China. On 

 Young's river is a pulp mill, with a capacity of 

 1,380 tons annually. A capital of $85,000 is' in- 

 ve.-ted in ship-building; $575,000 in manufact- 

 ure of lumber, with output of $700,000 yearly; 

 and $39,000 in sash and door factories, the annual 

 output of which is $33,000. The capital in foun- 

 dries and machine shops is $90.000, with a prod- 

 uct of $125,000; in manufacture of beer and ice, 

 35.000. yearly product. $75,000. In addition to 

 an electric-light plant, there are gas works. Fx- 

 clusive of the two last and the pulp mill, the an- 

 nual product on the total amount of capital in- 

 vented ($844.000) is $1,018,000. Coal exists in 

 the county, but no mines have been opened. Pot- 

 ter's clay, iron ore. and jet are its other mineral 

 resources, of II) church buildings in the coun- 

 ty. 8 are in Astoria viz.. Methodist. Congrega- 

 tional. Presbyterian, Baptist, Fpiscopal, Roman 

 Catholic, and 3 Lutheran. The city has aNo 

 3 large public schools and 1 Episcopal parish 

 school. There are 3 daily newspapers, and 4 

 banks 3 national, with a' capital of silni.UOO. 

 The possesMon of Astoria was the principal point 

 in the claim of the United State- to Oregon. 



Aurora, a city of Illinois, in Kane County, in 

 the iiorlhea-tern part of the State. :!7 miles from 

 Chicago, on Fox river, which flows with a rapid 



