156 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (GREAT FALLS, HARRIMAN.I 



ing an increase of 147'24 per cent. In 1879 the 

 first railroad reached the city from Denison, and 

 in 1886 the Santa Fe system built through from 

 Galveston. This is intersected by the Missouri, 

 Kansas and Texas, absorbing previous corpora- 

 tions, and giving outlets in all directions. The 

 division headquarters, round house, and machine 

 shops of the Santa Fe Railroad are here. The 

 assessed valuation of property in the city in 1891 

 was $3,561,435. Three national banks have an 

 aggregate capital of $375,000. There are 4 pub- 

 lic schools, costing nearly $100,000, in which are 

 about 1,200 children. The Presbyterian Synod- 

 ical College for women was erected in 1890, and 

 the Gainesville College was already in exist- 

 ence. There are 11 churches for whites and 3 

 for colored persons. The industries embrace 2 

 flouring mills, an iron foundry, a planing mill 

 and machine shops, an ice, a broom, a cigar, and 

 a soap factory, bottling works, a cotton com- 

 press, and steam brick and marble works, 

 water works of the Holly system represent a 

 capital of $215,000, the supply being drawn from 

 the Elm Fork of Trinity river ; and there are 5 

 miles of street railway, a telephone exchange, 

 gas and electric lights, 3 halls, and several fine 

 club-rooms, also a public library. The city was 

 founded in 1849. The assessed valuation in 1890 

 was $4,000,000. Gainesville has an altitude of 

 900 feet, and a mean annual temperature of 66. 

 Great Falls, a city of Montana, the county 

 seat of Cascade County, near the center of the 

 State, on Missouri river, at the confluence of 

 Sun river, where begin the only series of falls in 

 the Missouri in its total length of 4,000 miles. 

 It is on a level prairie, stretching 2 miles along 

 the river, which has an average width of 1,200 

 feet, and within a distance of 10 miles has a fall 

 of over 500 feet, including Black Eagle Falls, 

 within the city limits, across which a dam has 

 been built, costing more than $200,000, giving 

 a water power estimated at 1,000,000 horse power. 

 The site was purchased in 1884-'85 from pub- 

 lic lands of the Government, and the population 

 in 1890 was 4,750. In 1888 the assessed valua- 

 tion was $2,400,000; in 1889, $4,311,000; and in 

 1890, $8,646,548, with a tax levy of 12 mills. The 

 city is the western terminus of the Great North- 

 ern Railway, and the eastern of the Montana 

 Central, by which it is connected with the North- 

 ern Pacific. By the Great Falls and Canada 

 Railroad it is joined to the Canadian Pacific, 

 and over the Great Falls, Sand Coulee, and Nei- 

 hart Railroad, coal is shipped from the Sand 

 Coulee mines, and ores from the Belt mount- 

 ains, 60 miles away. The railway .tonnage of 

 the city is already greater than that of any other 

 city in the State, excepting Butte. The Great 

 Falls and Canada Railroad has its shops at 

 Great Falls, and plans have been drawn for ex- 

 tensive establishments -of the Great Northern. 

 Adjacent coal fields, covering an area of 400 

 square mftfis, have an average thickness of 10 

 feet. The estimate was made of 5,000 tons daily 

 output beforX the close of 1891. The mineral 

 zone of the Little Belt mountains, extending 25 

 miles along the\J-ange, in which are various 

 mining camps, contains large deposits of lead, 

 carbonate, and galena ore, carrying 20 to 30 

 ounces of silver per ton ; and there are also large 

 veins of hematite iron ore, 20 to 30 feet in width, 



traceable upon the surface for several miles. 

 Smelters built and building in Great Falls in 

 1891 will cost $5,000,000, and an iron and brass 

 foundry and machine shops have been construct- 

 ed. The employment of electricity in .treating 

 copper matte will be facilitated by the great 

 water power available, and an electric-light com- 

 pany is already in existence. Water works built 

 in 1889 cost $150,000, and there is a perfect sys- 

 tem of sewerage. Five miles of electric street 

 railway were in operation March, 1891, soon to 

 ' be increased to 12. The churches number 6, and 

 there are as many banks, 3 building and loan 

 associations, a public library building, 2 daily 

 newspapers, and steel wagon bridges across the 

 Missouri and Sun rivers ; $5,000 were expended 

 during 1890 on parks, and 2.0,000 shade-trees 

 have been planted. The city has a board of 

 trade and a Young Men's Christian Association. 

 In addition to old-established mills, a saw-mill 

 plant, with capacity of 120,000 feet in ten hours, 

 is erecting, having a machine shop in connection 

 already built, the capital of which is $1,000,000. 

 One of the smelters, already established, will 

 have an output of 5,000 tons of sheet copper and 

 electric wire in twenty-four hours. Large stock 

 ranges are tributary to the city, and 3,400,000 

 pounds of wool were marketed in 1890. Irrigating 

 ditches are under construction ; one, 75 miles in 

 length, 30 feet wide at top and 15. at bottom. 4 

 feet in depth, to irrigate 300.000 acres in Cho- 

 teau and Cascade Counties, and costing $500,000, 

 will end on high prairie a little west of the city. 

 The altitude of Great Falls is 3,312 feet, and the 

 severity of the winter season is tempered by the 

 rarity and dryness of the atmosphere. 



Harriman, a new city, in Roane County, 

 Tenn., 255 miles south of Cincinnati, 80 miles 

 north of Chattanooga, 50 miles west of Knox- 

 ville, and 125 miles east of Nashville. It is at 

 Emery Gap, the natural gateway on the east of the 

 great Cumberland plateau, and was founded Feb. 

 26, 1890, by Gen. Clinton B. Fisk and associates. 

 One farm-house and a few cabins and shanties 

 then marked the site. As it was not a corpora- 

 tion, but merely part of a large district, when 

 the census of 1890 was taken, its population then 

 can not be given. On Oct. 24, 1891, a commit- 

 tee of visitors made a public report, saying : " The 

 activity in building lines will be best understood 

 by a statement of the fact, based upon an actual 

 count by two of our number who drove about 

 for 'the purpose, that in the eighteen months 

 since the beginning of building operations 439 

 houses have been built, not including 51 in dif- 

 ferent stages of construction, also 34 brick stores, 

 28 frame stores (besides 8 just burned), 4 churche's, 

 2 others in course of construction, 1 exposition 

 building, 1 public hall, a very handsome office 

 building for the Town Company, 2 hotels, and 3 

 schools. The number of stores seems out of pro- 

 portion to the houses ; but it should be remem- 

 bered that many families are occupying rooms in 

 the store buildings. We believe that these houses 

 to-day must contain over 3,000 people." The 

 compiler of a city directory, in December follow- 

 ing, reported the population in excess of 4,000. 

 The city is at the junction of the Walden's Ridge 

 Division of the East Tennessee, Virginia and 

 Georgia Railroad with the Cincinnati Southern 

 Railroad. It has its own belt-line railway, which 



