164 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (New WESTMINSTER, NORTH BAY, OLYMPIA.) 



are famous. There are two grand drives, Belle- 

 vue avenue being 2 miles long. The principal 

 industries are a brass foundry and several cotton 

 mills. The population in 1880 was 15,693; in 

 1890, 19,457, an increase of 23-99 per cent. 



New Westminster, a city of British Colum- 

 bia, on Eraser river, 16 miles from its mouth 

 and 12 miles from Vancouver, in the center of 

 Westminster district, the finest agricultural re- 

 gion of the province. It is the fresh-water ter- 

 minus of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, and the 

 western terminus of the Westminster Southern 

 (a continuation of the American Great North- 

 ern), being thus directly connected with all 

 American and Canadian railway systems by the 

 two great competing transcontinental lines. It 

 is also the terminus of seven steamboat lines, 

 and has direct and regular connection with Vic- 

 toria, Nanaimo, Vancouver, Portland, and all 

 settlements on the river. For several years the 

 National Government has been carrying on ex- 

 tensive works for the improvement of the Eraser, 

 which is navigable as far as the city by vessels 

 drawing 22 feet of water, and will be open to 

 those of the largest draught when these works 

 are completed. Several cargoes of lumber and 

 salmon, the principal exports, have been shipped 

 direct to foreign ports. Three fourths of the 

 fish-canning establishments of the province lie 

 between the city and the mouth of the river, and 

 during the year 1890 produced 246,000 cases of 

 salmon, paying out in wages $500,000. Four 

 large saw mills lie within or adjacent to the city, 

 with capacity of 500,000 feet in twenty-four 

 hours, and a fifth has its foundations laid within 

 the city limits. The only woolen mill of the 

 province is also here ; and there are several foun- 

 dries and machine shops, sash and door and fur- 

 niture factories, and a tannery. The assessed 

 valuation in 1888 was $862,511 ; in 1889, $2,540,- 

 245; in 1890, $3,577,815; and in 1891. $5,287,- 

 520. The tax rate in 1891 was 15 mills on the 

 dollar. During the first half of the year, $700,- 

 000 were expended on new buildings, and the 

 value of all erected during the past three years 

 is placed at $2,000,000. Water works are being 

 constructed, at a cost of $380,000, to supply 

 water from a pure mountain lake. The electric- 

 light, works, for both public and private light- 

 ing, are owned by the city, which has expended 

 $60,000 upon them, and a similar amount upon 

 a bridge to Lulu Island, famous for its farming 

 lands. It also owns the steam ferry across Eraser 

 river, costing $27,000. During the past three 

 years $200,000 have been expended upon streets. 

 There is a gas company, telephone service ex- 

 tending to Vancouver, and an electric street rail- 

 way. A similar means of communication will 

 shortly connect both Vancouver and Lulu Island 

 with the city. There are free high and public 

 schools, 15 churches, 2 banks, 2 hospitals, a Me- 

 chanics' Institute, and a Young Men's Christian 

 Association building. The public library cost 

 $24.000, and parks and agricultural-exhibition 

 buildings have cost the corporation f 60,000. The 

 provincial penitentiary and lunatic asylum, the 

 central prison for the mainland, and the Domin- 

 ion and provincial land offices, are at New West- 

 minister, and there is also a court house and a 

 land-registry office. TheXcity was founded in 

 1859. The population is upward of 4,000. 



North Bay, a town of Ontario, Canada, incor- 

 porated in 1890 by act of Parliament, with a 

 population of 2,500, is on Lake Nipissing, in 

 Nipissing district, and is a divisional point on 

 the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railroad, 

 where the Northern and Northwestern divisions 

 of the Grand Trunk join it. The workshops of 

 the corporation established here pay out in wages 

 $20,000 a month. The Nipissing and James Bay 

 Railroad has been surveyed to Lake Temisca- 

 mingue, 80 miles to the north, where are silver 

 mines now in operation, but which have not been 

 extensively worked hitherto, owing to the heavy 

 cost of transportation. Vast forests lie along the 

 line of the road, and large numbers of fur-bear- 

 ing animals are reported to exist. The Ottawa 

 ship canal, up Ottawa and Mattawa rivers to Lake 

 Nipissing, and down French river to Georgian 

 Bay, has also been surveyed, giving a short route 

 to the seaboard from the Great Lakes. During 

 1890, 125 new structures were erected, in addi- 

 tion to a Masonic hall and opera house ; and a 

 system of water works is being put in, which will 

 afford ample fire protection. A contract has 

 been let for a public school to cost $0,000. 

 There are Presbyterian, Anglican, Roman Catho- 

 lic, and Methodist churches, a weekly newspa- 

 per, a Mechanics' Institute belonging to the 

 Canadian Pacific Railroad, and a court house and 

 jail, the latter erected at a cost of $12,000. The 

 lumbering industry is promising, and Lake 

 Nipissing, 60 miles long and 20 wide, affords the 

 attractions of a summer resort. 



Olympia, a city and the capital of Washing- 

 ton, county seat of Thurston County. It is one 

 of the oldest settlements in the State, on Puget 

 Sound, where Des Chutes river flows into Budd's 

 inlet. The city is on the east side of the river, 

 on a hillside sloping to the water's edge, in a 

 framing of dense green. West of the center 

 there is a depression, and the eastern side lies on 

 the gentle slope facing the water and the higher 

 portion. Olympia was platted in 1851, selected 

 as the capital in 1853, and incorporated in 1859. 

 The population in 1880 was 1,232 ; in 1890 the 

 three wards contained 4,698 inhabitants. At 

 Tumwater, one mile distant, is one of the best 

 water powers of the State, Des Chutes river hav- 

 ing a fall of 85 feet in a horizontal distance of 

 1,500 feet, in three distinct waterfalls, with 

 rapids between. It has been utilized for many 

 years, and in 1890 a dam was constructing across 

 the river. Capital to the amount of $209,100 

 was invested in manufactures in 1890, the output 

 for 1889 being $211,000, and that estimated for 

 1890, $389,000 ; 226 persons were employed, with 

 annual wages of $80,500; 3 saw mills were in. 

 operation, with a daily capacity of 60,000 feet, 

 and there were also a planing mill, a brewery, and 

 a wooden-water-pipe factory, the only one of its 

 kind in the United States, manufacturing pipe 

 from yellow fir, the shell being only an inch 

 thick, but, when wound with iron or steel, with- 

 standing a greater pressure than the heaviest 

 cast iron. Over 200 miles of pipe were made in 

 one year and found a ready market throughout 

 the West. The undeveloped resources of the 

 county include valuable coal mines, only one of 

 which has been opened, that at Bucoda, the out- 

 put of which in 1889 was 42,675 tons. The 

 present facilities are sufficient for 16,000 tons a 



