168 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (PUEBLO, RENO.) 



1 by steam motor aggregating 14 miles in 1890. 

 Gas and electricity are employed in lighting, 

 and water works are constructing to cost $500,- 

 000, bringing water by gravitation from Little 

 Quilcene river. Preliminary steps have also been 

 taken toward a perfect system of sewerage. 

 There are churches of 7 denominations. There 

 are graded public schools, and a normal and 

 a business college. There are 6 banks (2 national) 

 and a chamber of commerce. A rich co.untry is 

 tributary, in agricultural products, minerals, and 

 especially timber. One company has $50,000 in- 

 vested in salting and smoking cod, halibut, her- 

 ring, and salmon, for eastern markets. The only 

 works in the State for the manufacture of pig 

 iron are at Port Townsend, and furnish employ- 

 ment for 700 men. The production in 1889 was 

 $350,000. In 1889 engineering works were 

 erected for marine engineering, steamboat con- 

 struction, and repairs. A foundry, in operation 

 for six years, has doubled its capacity, and em- 

 ploys 100 men. The cut of 2 saw mills in 1889 

 was 45,000,000 feet of lumber, 7,500,000 laths, 

 and 307,855 pickets, and there are also sash, 

 door, and blind manufactories, brick, terra-cotta, 

 and cornice works, cigar factories, a brewery, 

 and an ice factory. The United States Custom 

 House and Post-office is estimated to cost $250,- 

 000, the Court House $100,000, a new public- 

 school building $60,000, and a large hotel $100,- 

 000. The mean temperature in 1889 was 52-55. 

 Pueblo, a city of Colorado, the county seat of 

 Pueblo County, on both sides of Arkansas river, 

 at the confluence of the Fountain qui Bouille, 40 

 miles east of the Royal Gorge, 120 from Denver, 

 170 from Leadville, and 635 from Kansas City, 

 Mo. It is the metropolis of southern Colorado, 

 and the largest manufacturing point in the 

 State, save one. The Atchison, Topeka and 

 Santa Fe Railroad was the first to reach the 

 city in 1876, followed by the Missouri Pacific 

 in '1887. It is now the center of five trunk 

 lines, with outlets in all. directions, and is the 

 second distributing or supply point in the 

 State. The population in 1870 was 666 : in 

 1880, 3,217; in 1890 it was 24,558, an increase 

 of 603 - 33 per cent. The assessed valuation of 

 property in 1887 was $4,641,695; in 1888, 

 $6,264,350; in 1889, $9,444,630, and in 1890, 

 $11,381,947. In 1889, 28,237 car-loads of freight, 

 representing 564,700,000 pounds, were received. 

 The largest iron and steel works between Missouri 

 river and the Pacific Slope are at Pueblo, capital- 

 ized at $10,000,000. All the raw material used is 

 produced within the State, from mines owned by 

 the company. In 1890 two large blast furnaces, 

 with a daily capacity of 240 tons of pig iron, 

 were in operation, and another was constructing ; 

 the steel works were under improvement, and 

 the plant consisted, in addition, of two 5-ton 

 converters, a blooming mill, rail, merchant-bar, 

 and nail mills, a pipe \foundry, and machine 

 shops. The output in 18S^ was 23,436 tons of 

 pig iron, 28,564 tons of steel blooms, 25,439 of 

 steel .rails, 31,500 of steel ingots, 8,380 of mer- 

 chant iron, and 3,333 kegs of spikfes. From 

 1,200 to 1.500 men were employed. During the 

 year 800,000 tons of coal and 125,000 tons of 

 coke were shipped from the company's coal 

 miries. Three large smelters have an annual 

 output of 200,000 tons, valued at $9,500,000, and 



employ 900 men, with a monthly pay roll of 

 $54,000. There are also large iron and brass 

 foundries and shops, one devoted mostly to rail- 

 road castings, another to mining tools and ma- 

 chinery, another to brass and copper articles, one 

 to wrought and cast iron fencing, and one to 

 barb wire. Fire-brick works have been estab- 

 lished, and there are nearly a dozen brick yards. 

 In 1890 an artificial-ice factory was established, 

 and 300,000 head of cattle were handled at the 

 Union Stock Yards. The real-estate transactions 

 for 1890 were $10,491,541, and the expenditures 

 for improvements were $1,011,000, of which 

 $87,500 were for grading of streets, $45,000 for 

 water mains, $60,000 for city water reservoirs and 

 mains, $25,000 for private water works, $34,000 

 for bridges, and $74,000 for street-car lines. In 

 1891 25 miles of electric street railway were in' 

 use. Electric lighting is supplied by three 

 plants. The monthly cost of the fire depart- 

 ment is $3,000. The churches number 26, and 

 there are 12 school buildings, the Centennial 

 School building being one of the handsomest in 

 the State. During 1890 $45,000 were expended 

 on school-houses. A fine opera house was also 

 completed and a Board of Trade building. A 

 public library was incorporated, and there is a 

 flourishing Young Men's Christian Association. 

 The city has 6 national, 1 savings, and 3 private 

 banks, and 3 daily and 9 weekly and 1 monthly 

 newspapers are published. The water power of 

 Arkansas river, which has a fall of 17 feet per 

 mile, is unimproved. The city is the geograph- 

 ical center of the famous coal fields of Las 

 Animas, Huerfano, and Fremont Counties, the 

 product of which, with El Paso County, in 1890, 

 was 1,519,934 tons, or two thirds of the total 

 product of the State. Within 30 miles of the city 

 are 30 oil wells, and a pipe line is being laid to 

 the city from Florence to convey 12,000 barrels 

 a day. Iron ore, zinc, and valuable clays con- 

 stitute the mineral resources. The Colorado 

 Mineral Palace is a unique and magnificent 

 building, of Egyptian design, in which a perma- 

 nent exhibition of the minerals of the State is 

 held. The State Insane Asylum is west of the 

 city. The altitude of Pueblo is 4,660 feet. 



Reno, a city of Nevada, the county seat of 

 Washoe County, on Truckee river, in the western 

 part of the State, 52 miles from Virginia City 

 and 154 from Sacramento, Cal. On the line of 

 the Central Pacific Railroad it ranks first both 

 as a distributing and as a shipping point ; it is 

 also the terminus of the Virginia and Truckee 

 and the Nevada and California Railroads. The 

 population of the county in 1890 was 6,437, it 

 being one of the two counties in the State that 

 showed an increase in the decade. The popnla- . 

 tion of Reno was 5,000. In 1889 Reno had 520 

 residences, fine business blocks, and county 

 . buildings. It is lighted by gas and electricity, 

 and water is supplied from mountain streams to 

 a reservoir with capacity of 26,000,000 gallons, 

 with a fall of 182 feet, and pressure of 73 ponnds 

 to the square inch. There are 2 steam fire- 

 engines. The University of Nevada at Reno 

 was erected in 1885-'90, at a cost of $58,000 for 

 building and site. Bishop Whittaker's school 

 for girls, Mount St. Mary's Academy (Catholic), 

 3 public schools, and a high-school building, 

 costing $25,000, afford additional educational 



