<IT IKS, AMERICAN. (SALEM, SHERIUM.) 



169 



:-kly 

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Six denominations have church 



'""1 'I" 1 Masons iiinl Odd l-Yllows 

 He halls. Twn banks Imv.- ,i <-n-h capi- 

 ,,f $r>( i,l KK). There arc 2 daily and 2 

 newspapers. Tin- Slate Insane A-ylum, 

 at Ken,, in !^| 'ga, post x'.is.iMMl: the 

 n, a stone building. begun in 1 s ; I. 

 ami tin- Slate Agricultural Society 

 lildiugs, .*:>>.<tiM). Annual fairs are held here, 

 nl t line i- a line race track. The opera house 

 $30,000. Smelting and reduction works 

 from all parts of the country, and 

 are 'J (louring mills, a soap factory, sash, 

 r, and Mind, powder, and broom factories. 

 rated by Mi-am as well as the water power of 

 jckee river. Two breweries and a planing 

 complete the industries. The altitude of 

 > is -I.IMi fret, and the climate is dry and 

 Ithful. Various stage lines connect with 

 iciiltiiral and mining towns. The city is 

 il in honor of Gen. Jesse L. Reno, who was 

 at South Mountain, Md., Sept. 15, 1862. 

 Salem, a city of Oregon, the capital of the 

 tate. and county seat of Marion County, on the 

 right, bank of Willamette river, in a beautiful 

 rip, 52 miles from Portland, on the Southern 

 itie or Oregon and California Railroad. 

 its connect also with the Oregon Pacific and 

 egon Railway and Navigation Companies at 

 Ibany and Portland. A Methodist mission, 

 ae of the first settlements in the county, was 

 ished by Jason Lee, 9 miles below the 

 ent site of Salem, in 1834, and the city is one 

 the oldest in the Northwest. It was incor- 

 crated in 1853, and became the State capital in 

 It is handsomely laid out on an undulat- 

 ag tract of land, the streets being 100 feet wide 

 " the blocks :>:H) feet square, exclusive of 16- 

 alleys. Numerous beautiful residences, 

 ith fine gardens, city parks, and abundant 

 lade-trees, render it exceptionally picturesque. 

 free bridge across the Willamette, 2,240 feet 

 ag, in three spans, and 86 feet above the water, 

 meets Marion and Polk Counties. The pop- 

 ition of East, North, and South Salem precincts 

 1890 was 10,585. Fine water power is afforded 

 Willamette and Santiarn rivers, conveyed in 

 18-mile canal; and oveiv $1,000,000 were i li- 

 sted in manufacturing industries in 1890. viz., 

 75,000 in a woolen mill, $450,000 in two of the 

 llouring mills on the coast, a stove fouri- 

 employing 250 men, a mill and lumber com- 

 , 2 planing mills. 2 sash and door factories, 

 . fruit-canning establishment, a large evaporator 

 id fruit -dry ing plant, a $75,000 brewery, a large 

 "ice manufactory, 1 foundry and machine shop, 

 t-innery, 2 wagon and carriage shops, a vine- 

 ivr, fruii -preserving and pickle factory, 3 large 

 and tobacco factories, agricultural-impie- 

 works, tile works, and 2 brick kilns, in 

 Idition to a kiln at the Penitentiary. Patent 

 iit evaporators are also manufactured. The 

 of Marion County is remarkably productive, 

 wheat being the staple product, but of late years 

 fruit-growing has increased extensively, all va- 

 rieties of fruit that grow in the temperate zone 

 reaching perfect ion. Stock-raising is also fol- 

 ' >wvd with profit. The winter weather lasts 

 to si\ weeks iii December and January, and 

 summer the heat, tempered by sea bree'zes, is 

 .'ver excessive. The total tax for all purposes 



is two cents on the dollar. In 1888 the 

 valuation of Salem wan $1.613,000. In 

 there were 12 miles of graded streets and 16 of 

 .sidewalks. Water is obtained from tin- river by 

 two di.-tinct pumping plants, with rapacity of 

 L\(Mi(UMH)gal Ions each daily, and there are :!<> street 

 hydrants and 5 cisterns for lire protection. The 

 fire department consiMs of ;{ engine and hose 

 companies and 1 hook and ladder. Kledricand 

 gas lights are in use. A street railway was in- 

 corporated in 1888. The city has 14 fine church 

 buildings. The public-school property j> valued 

 at $52,120; 17 teachers are employed, and l.ooo 

 children enrolled. There are 4 pnbUo-tthoo] 

 buildings, and also private and parochial schools. 

 Willamette University was founded in IHo:! by 

 the Methodist Episcopal Church. Its faculty 

 embraces 30 professors and instructors, and 

 there arc nearly 400 students. There is also a 

 Catholic academy for girls and a business col- 

 lege. The State Institute for the Deaf and Dumb 

 and the Oregon School for the Blind are at 

 Salem, as is the Asylum for the Insane, occupy- 

 ing a tract of 290 acres, and accommodating in 

 1888 586 patients. The Orphans' Home is a fine 

 building, and the Oregon Penitentiary has, 

 within a wall inclosure 1,753 feet long and 16 

 feet high, 6 large brick structures for workshops, 

 in addition to the main building, 260 feet long 

 and 36 feet high, with a wing 85 feet in length. 

 The Court House cost $110,000. The State House, 

 of iron, brick, and stone, was begun in 1873, : it 

 has a tower 180 feet in height, and is surrounded 

 by a handsome park, covering 3 blocks. The 

 Masons and Odd Fellows have libraries ; there 

 is a large opera house, 2 daily papers are pub- 

 lished with weekly e'ditions, and a monthly 

 periodical is issued by the deaf-mute school. 

 There are 4 banks (2 national), with capital of 

 $485,000. Five miles north of the city, at 

 Chewama, is the Government Indian Industrial 

 School. The mineral resources of Marion 

 County consist of gold and silver in quartz, coal, 

 limestone, and bog-iron ore. The lumbering in- 

 dustry is supplied from the forests of the Cascade 

 slopes. The average annual rainfall is 42 inches. 

 Sherman, a city of Texas, the county seat of 

 Grayson County, in the northern part of the 

 State. It is the northern terminus of the Hous- 

 ton and Texas Central Railroad, and the north- 

 western of the St. Louis, Arkansas and Texas. 

 The Texas and Pacific, in 1890, was constructing to 

 the northeast through the coal fields of Indian 

 Territory, and, in addition, the Denison, Bonham 

 and New Orleans and the Wichita Railroads pass 

 though the county, which contained 168 miles of 

 track in 1888. In 1889, 195,000.000 pounds of 

 freight were received and 120,000,000 forwarded. 

 Fifty miles distant lie the great Ardmore coal 

 fields, and the surrounding country is one of 

 the richest agricultural districts in Texas. More 

 than 600,000 acres are under cultivation, of 

 which 80,000 were in cotton in 1889-'90. and 

 85,000 in corn, which produced 3,400,000 bu-h- 

 els. The business transactions of Sherman 

 in 1889 amounted to $8,500,000; and manufact- 

 ures include one of the largest cotton-seed oil 

 mills in the South, a large cotton gin costing 

 nearly $250,000, claimed to be the largest in the 

 world, 3 flouring mills with daily cajmcity of 

 600 barrels, 2 iron foundries and machine shops, 



