;g water from a well to a i "f 100,- 



iniy lot) feet above the city, and 



.'(i hydrants. The lire department is 

 lary. The graded public school has a two- 



^ liuilding. to which an addition was 

 in the summer ol IMHI at a cost of 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (SPRINGFIELD, STAMFORD.) 



171 



nigh- school department and an at- 

 r about 400. I'hcre arc '2 Catho- 

 >. Five denominations have 

 church buildings. One daily, one semi-weekly, 

 und one weekly newspaper are published. There 

 nation, il bank and a building and loan 

 iation with capital of $100,000. The Court 

 M i- a two-story brick structure, co>ting 

 |,000. A public park of 25 acres has been 

 out. adjoining Colvillo lake. The indus- 

 inciude a Hour mill, 1 planing and 2 chop- 

 Mills, '2 brick yards, and a creamery and 



rage company. 



priiiirlleld, a city and the capital of Illinois, 

 I of Sangamon County, in the center 

 the State. ."> miles from Sangamon river, on 

 the nniiii line of the Chicago and Alton Railroad, 

 lea i'nm Chicago. Seven other railroads 

 branch out in 13 different directions, with 88 

 passenger trains daily. The capital was re- 

 moved to Springfield from Vandalia in 1837, 

 and the city was incorporated in 1840. It has 

 an area of 4 square miles. The population in 

 v as 4,000; in 1860,9,800; in 1870, 17,000; 

 in 1^>, Hi.ri:!: and in 1890, 24,963, showing an 

 increase in the last decade of 26-44 per cent. In 

 addition to its being a political center, it is im- 

 portant from an industrial point of view, as it is 

 in a rich agricultural and coal-mining region. 

 Thirteen large coal shafts are in constant opera- 

 tion in the vicinity. The water works owned by 

 city cost $300.000, and have an average daily 

 umption of 2,500,000 gallons. There are 35 

 les of mains and 148 fire hydrants. There are 

 '> miles of sewers, an electric-light plant 

 valued at $75,000, 21 miles of paved streets, 

 electric police and fire alarms, a telephone sys- 

 tem, 2 lines of street railway, a paid fire depart- 

 nient. and a public library of 13.700 volumes, in 

 addition to the State Library of 36,000 volumes. 

 Four daily, 7 weekly, and 3 monthly papers are 

 published. The streets are broad and well 

 shaded by maples. In 1889 the expenditure for 

 the lire department was $26.827. The taxable 

 property is placed at $20,000,000. There are 25 

 churches, many of them handsome edifices, an 

 opera house, 2 female seminaries, in addition to 

 ne high-school building, a business college. 

 11 public schools, in which 77 teachers are 

 ployed. The enrollment is 3,261, and the 

 value of school property $240,302. Two thou- 

 sand children were also enrolled in private and 

 parochial schools. A watch company, estab- 

 lished in 1870. is the leading industry. It covers 

 16 acres of ground and employs 800 persons, 

 turning out 400 watch movements daily. There 

 is also a furniture factory, a foundry and ma- 

 ehine shop, woolen, paper, and planing mills, 

 engine and boiler works, and factories of trunks, 

 carriages, fence, brooms, cigars, and tiles. The 

 machine shops of the Wabash Railroad are here. 

 The Capitol, completed in 1886 at a cost of 

 $5,000.000, is of Joliet stone, and is in the form 

 of a Greek cross. :5!)9 by 286 feet. Prom the 

 ground to the top of the dome is 865 feet. The 



interior is handsome, witli marble finishing*, 

 frescoes, <-tc.. and contains a nu morial hall, on 

 the ground floor, in which arc the bailie flags of 

 Illinois regiments during the civil war and other 

 relic-. There are aUo museums of agriculture 

 and natural history accommodated within, u.s 

 well as the Supreme Court and State Hoard of 

 Health. Tin. ( (niiL House, formerly the State 

 C'apitol. is a three-story building, 'whirl 

 xi^n.IMM), and there is a rodent! building and an 

 exceptionally handsome executive mansion. The 

 home of Lincoln, owned by the State, contain?, a 

 collection of memorials of him. The Lincoln 

 monument, of granite from the quarries of liidde- 

 lord, Me., cost $240,000. It was completed in 

 1871. The statue, of bronze, us are the four 

 groups at the corners, was the dc.-ign <,f Larkin 

 G. Mead. It was unveiled Oct. 15, 1874, in the 

 presence of the Army of the Tennessee. The 

 artillery and cavalry groups were placed in posi- 

 tion in 1882 and 1883, the infantry and naval in 

 1887. Sangamon Fair Association has grounds 

 outside the city. Five national banks have a 

 capital of $1,135,500, and there is a loan and 

 trust company with a capital of $60,000. 



Stamford, a town and borough of Connecti- 

 cut, iu Fairfield County, on Long Island Sound, 

 at the mouth of Mill or Rippowam river, 78 

 miles distant from Hartford and 34 from New 

 York city. The railroad connecting those two 

 cities passes through the place, and there is also 

 a daily steamer to New York. In population it 

 is the eleventh and in wealth the seventh city 

 of Connecticut. Originally a Puritan settle- 

 ment, it had its origin in a dispute among the 

 colonists at Wethersfiejd. which led to the re- 

 moval of the dissatisfied minority to lands of 

 the Rippowam Indians and the purchase of the 

 site of the present town (named for Stamford, 

 Lincolnshire, England). On Dec. 22, 1841, the 

 second centennial of the town was celebrated. 

 In 1830 its borough charter was obtained, 

 amended in 1882, the present limits extending 

 10 miles north and south and from 5 to 6 

 miles east and west. In 1848 the railroad was 

 opened, from which time the growth of popula- 

 tion has been steady. In 1820 it was 3,284 ; in 

 1850,5,000; in 1880, 11,298 ; and in 1890, 15,700, 

 an increase of 39 percent. The taxable property 

 is placed at $8,863,486, and in 1890 the rate of 

 tax was 12 mills. A system of sewerage has 

 been completed at a cost of $125,000, and during 

 1890 $20,000 were expended in macadamizing 

 the principal thoroughfares. The cost, of local 

 improvements for the year was $382.000, of 

 which $29.000 were for extensions of the water 

 works and $40.000 in additions to the electric- 

 light plant. In 1889 $150.000 were expended 

 by the gas company for a new tank, of 200,000 

 feet capacity, and mains. In 1886 an appropri- 

 ation was secured from Congress for improve- 

 ments of the harbor of Stamford, which were 

 carried on until April, 1891; anew survey has 

 al-o been provided for. In 1886 a street railway 

 company was incorporated, with capital of $100.- 

 000. There are 4 banks, 2 national, with 

 aggregate capital of $400,000, and 2 savings, 

 with aggregate assets of $4.000.000; 1 tru>t 

 company, with paid capital of $100.000; and 1 

 safe -deposit company. Seventy -five teachers 

 are employed in the 'public schools ; there is a 



