172 



CITIES, AMERICAN. (TEXARKANA, THE DALLES, TIFFIN.) 



high school, and, in addition to numerous small 

 primary institutions, there are 2 private 

 seminaries for young ladies and 1 for boys. 

 There is also a business college, and a Roman 

 Catholic school, free. The churches number 14. 

 A board of trade was organized in 1890. The 

 manufactures include Yale locks, differential 

 pulley blocks, crabs, winches, cranes, etc., post- 

 office equipments, carriages and wagons, curled 

 hair, piano castings, billiard tables, phosphor 

 bronzes, hats, and shoes. There are wood-work- 

 ing companies, 2 stone and marble works, 1 

 foundry, which, in addition to castings for agri- 

 cultural implements and machinery, turns out 

 stoves and grates, a pottery for manufacture 

 of stove fittings, fire bricks, drain pipe, and other 

 pottery goods, and 1 camphor and wax factory. 

 One of the 32 profit-sharing manufacturing 

 establishments in the United States is at Stam- 

 ford. The oyster industry is prominent, and of 

 recent years oysters have been exported to 

 Europe.' Special pains have been taken of late 

 to improve and beautify the streets and parks, 

 and the town is one of the most charming in 

 New England. The Town Hall cost $150,000, 

 and, in addition to an auditorium seating 1,000 

 persons, contains the post-office and the courts. 

 Pour weekly papers are published. 



Texarkana, a city of Arkansas and Texas 

 jointly, the county seat of Miller County, Ark., 

 and Bowie County, Tex., on the State line, 25 

 miles from the northeast corner of Louisiana 

 and the same distance from the southeast corner 

 of Indian Territory. The site is at the eastern 

 apex and highest point of a plateau formed by 

 Red and Sulphur rivers, 10 to 25 miles wide, and 

 600 to 700 feet above sea level. Rich bottom 

 lands, from 5 to 10 miles wide on either side, 

 produce 2,000 pounds of seed cotton to the acre, 

 while many kinds of hard and soft timber are 

 found on the uncleared portions. The output 

 of yellow pine from mills in the immediate 

 vicinity in 1889 was 250,000,000 feet, and the 

 hard wood is still untouched. The city is one of 

 the largest lumber centers of the South, and also 

 an important railroad center, having eight roads, 

 and is moreover the terminus of the St. Louis, 

 Iron Mountain and Southern Railroad; 28 pas- 

 senger trains arrive and depart daily, and over 

 1,000 men are employed. The population (in 

 both States) in 1890 was 6,380, against 3,223 in 

 1880. There are 20 miles of graded streets, and 

 2 systems of water works, with capacity of 

 6,000,000* gallons daily, gas and 2 electric-light 

 systems, 4 miles of street railway in operation 

 and 4 more in process of construction, and 

 churches of many denominations, with property 

 valued at $80,000. Three banks, all national, 

 have an aggregate capital of $325,000. One 

 daily, 3 weekly, and 2 semi-monthly news- 

 papers are published. The tax rate is from 1 to 

 2 per cent, in the city. The Union depot cost 

 $75,000, and $100,000 have been appropriated by 

 Congress for a Federal building. There are a 

 court house and an opera house. In addition to. 

 the public schools, there are 2 colleges. 



The DallesNi city of Oregon, the county seat 

 of Wasco County, on the south bank of Columbia 

 river, 206 miles from its mouth. The main line 

 of the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company 

 (now a branch of the Union Pacific Railroad) 



runs through the first street of the city, near tr 

 high-water line, and the passenger and freight 

 depots are in the eastern portion. The princi- 

 pal business center is a mile and a half west 

 of the foot of Tumwater Rapids (11 miles in 

 length), where begin the great salmon-fishing 

 industries of the county. The first salmon can- 

 nery was established in Oregon on the Columbia, 

 twenty-two years ago, by William Hume, the 

 pack being 4,000 cases. The catch of Wasco 

 County during 1890 was 115,000 cases, amount- 

 . ing to 8,050,000 pounds, to which are to be added 

 750,000 pounds of fresh fish shipped in ice to 

 Eastern markets. The method of catching is by 

 wheels, all superfluous fish being released by a 

 tank into the open current, and allowed to as- 

 cend the river to the spawning grounds. On the 

 Wasco side of the river there are 19 such wheels, 

 and 4 in Washington also find their market here. 

 The entire process of fishing and canning is com- 

 pleted in two hours. Wasco County, which 

 since its organization in 1854 has been subdivid- 

 ed into 13 counties, comprises 3,200 square miles, 

 of which 954 are at present withheld from filing 

 or settlement ; 30 to 50 per cent, is excellent 

 farming and grazing land ; the rest is covered 

 with valuable timber. The total assessed valu- 

 ation is $3,753,066, and the indebtedness $927,- 

 900. The imports of The Dalles for 1889 were 

 22,800 tons of general merchandise, 6,000 tons 

 of wood and lumber, and 3,000 tons of coal. 

 The exports were 5,864,400 pounds of wool, 2,- 

 000,000 bushels of wheat and 445,625 of other 

 grains, 500 car-loads of live stock, 300 of lumber 

 and wood, and 1,000 tons of fruit and mill prod- 

 uce. On the western boundary of the city flows 

 a creek supplied from the snows of Mount Hood. 

 On it a milling company, with capital of $125,- 

 000, operates 15 miles in the timber, floating 

 wood and sawed lumber into the city by means 

 of a large V-shaped trough, made of timber, 16 

 miles long. Fifty men are employed in mills 

 which by the same water power plane and recut 

 the timber. The city is the site of a United 

 States land office and a signal station. There 

 is a board of trade, and water and electric-light 

 works are in use. The railroad shops employ 250 

 men, and there are large flouring mills. Daily 

 steamers ply between the city and Cascade Rap- 

 ids, 43 miles, and make connection, after a port- 

 age of five and a half miles by rail, with other 

 steamers, to Portland. There are 6 churches, 3 

 large public schools, an independent academy, 

 and a Catholic college. Two national banks have 

 an aggregate capital of $100,000, and there is a 

 private bank with capital of $150,000. The ele- 

 vation of the city is 350 feet ; the average annual 

 rainfall is 21'06 inches. 



Tiffin, a city of Ohio, the county seat of Sen- 

 eca County, in the northeastern part of the 

 State, 42 miles from Toledo, on both banks of 

 Sandusky river, 50 miles from its mouth, in a 

 rich agricultural region. It has 3 railroads 

 the Baltimore and Ohio, the Indiana, Bloom- 

 ington and Western, and the Northern Ohio. 

 The population was 7,879 in 1880 and 10,801 in 

 1890, showing an increase of 37'09 per cent. 

 The assessed valuation in 1889 was $3,379,690, 

 with a tax rate of 29-1. Two daily and 5 week- 

 ly newspapers are published, also 3 monthlies. 

 Three banks (1 national) have a total capital of 



