( o.MMi:i;ci: AND NA YHJATION OK Till: IMTKD STATKS. 



L80 



Pounds, is particularly noticeable, prices 



aiieing only ','(! prrcciil. Tl xpi-ri of glue., -e 



.Vvl IM.r.'; (..,1111.1-. an increase of 1J),H9;!.'J<;<; 

 its, I lie price for the last three 

 .. lli.p- \M-re cxprl.-d tn (lie amount of 

 inls. 1,1!I.V,'V!<; pounds more than 

 .ir, at ','? cmK in- l-J cents more a pound. 

 A mom,' the iron and steel exports there was 

 n Tease in sewing machines, boilers, wire, 

 ilders' hardware, miscellaneous machinery, 

 nilery, and lire-arms ; a large increase 

 the number ami value of locomotive engines ; 

 a decrease in scales, saws and tools, station- 

 enirines. nails, and printing presses. The ex- 

 sof lamps.saddlery, furniture, jewelry, organs 

 piano-fortes, toilet soap, matches, paint-. m.l 

 ious line manufactures show a steady growth, 

 while those of paper hangings and writing 

 paper, boots and shoes, sole leather, plated ware, 

 trunks, and varnish were smaller in 1891 than 

 in the preceding \ear. The export of rosin in- 

 I from 1,601,377 to 1,790,251 barrels. The 

 oil cake and oil meal shipped abroad was 633,- 

 . 1 pounds, a decrease of 78,359,522 pounds. 

 The exports of lard and of whale oil were con- 

 siderably less in quantity. The kerosene export 

 -ed from 523.295,090 to 571,119,805 gal- 

 lons, the price remaining 7 cents, while the ex- 

 port of crude petroleum was 91,415,095 gallons, 

 J.o::r>,r>58 gallons less than in 1890, at 6 cents, a 

 cent lower per gallon. The cotton-seed oil ex- 

 port was 11,003,160 gallons, a decrease of 2,381,- 

 :M") gallons, the price falling from 39 to 36 cents, 

 owing to competition in Egypt and elsewhere. 

 'I'lf export of oleomargarine or imitation butter 

 \va- -mailer, but that of the oil, which is the form 

 in which the bulk of it is sent abroad, increased 

 from 08,218,098 to 82,133,876 pounds, still at the 

 average price of 10 cents a pound. Among the 

 other beef exports we see an increase in the 

 quantity of canned beef from 82,638,507 to 109,- 

 ? pounds, and in that of fresh beef from 

 7.596 to 194,045.638 pounds, at an advance 

 in price from 7 to 8 cents, while the export of 

 pickled or salted beef declined from 97.508,419 

 to 90,286,979 pounds, with but little difference 

 in the total value, owing to higher prices; and 

 the tallow export. 111,689,251 pounds, showed a 

 slight falling off but an improvement in the 

 value. The export price of bacon and hams has 

 been 8 cents for two years. In the export of 

 bacon, 514,675.557 pounds, there was a falling 

 off of 17,224,120 pounds in quantity and $1,744,- 

 646 in value, and the difference in the value not 

 quite made good by the increase in the ship- 

 ments of hams from 76.591,279 to 84,410.108 

 pounds, in those of pickled pork from 79,788.- 

 868 to 81,317,364 pounds, and in the lard 

 export at 7 cents a pound, as in 1890, from 

 471.083,598 to 498,343.927 pounds. The exports 

 of butter fell off from 29,748,042 to 15,187,114 

 pounds, and those of cheese from 95,376,053 

 to 82.133,876 pounds ; and the decline was offset 

 by no advance in prices, which remained 14 

 cents for butter and 9 cents for cheese. The ex- 

 port of rum increased from 555,749 to 1.025,226 

 gallons, and there was an export of 136.52(1 gal- 

 lons of 1. randy against 8,334 gallons in ivni. 

 while the export of alcohol was 25 percent. 

 larger, but a falling off of more than 50 per cent. 

 in the exports of whisky made the total exports 





of spirits iint much larger, though priced were 

 much higln-r. The wine exported in casks in- 

 crea>ed from IHCJ.:!',':: to :ij:!.l2 gallons at 65 in- 

 stead of !1 cents per gallon. The export of 

 spirits of turpentine increased from 11,248,920 

 to 12,24:W>21 gallons, at 88 cents a gallon, a de- 

 cline of 3 cents. The export of refined sugar in- 

 creased from 27,018,002 pounds at 7 cents t.. 

 108,228,620 pounds at 6 cents. The n\ en, 



Grt price or leaf tobacco was 9 cents a pound in 

 th years, while the quantity of unmanufact n 1 1 d 

 tobacco exported declined from 255,647.026 to 

 249,232,605 pounds. The prices of lumber and 

 timber were considerably lower, and therefore, in 

 spite of larger exports and the growth of the 

 trade in wood manufactures, the total value was 

 less than in 1890. The material increase in t he- 

 values of the principal domestic exports was 

 $39.744,106 in raw cotton, $4.237,360 in refined 

 sugar. $3,605,580 in cotton manufactures, $3,367.- 

 406 in iron and steel and their manufactured 

 products, $2,752,965 in provisions and dairy 

 products, $2,265,205 in copper, $1.534,9:^ j,", 

 coal, $1,491.428 in refined mineral oil, fl.805,- 

 940 in paraffine and paraffine wax, $1,216,903 

 in hops, and $1,207,657 in copper ore*, Against 

 these gains must be set a decrease of $26,804,271 

 in the value of breadstuffs, $2,004,489 in wood 

 and wood manufactures, $1,939,434 in gold and 

 silver ores, $1,624,754 in fruits, $1,425.229 in 

 furs and fur skins, $1,369.505 in vegetable oils, 

 and $1,044,205 in the fish exports. 



The total value of foreign merchandise re- 

 exported in 1891 was $12,210,527, against $12,- 

 534,856 in 1890. The re-exports of dutiable 

 merchandise were $7,049,819 in 1891, against 

 $7,992,493 in 1890 ; and those of free merchan- 

 dise were $5,160,708. against $4,542.363. 



Movement of the Precious Metals. The 

 imports of gold during the fiscal year 1891 amount- 

 ed to $18,232,567, and those of silver to $18,026,- 

 880, making a total of $36.259,447, while the ex- 

 ports of gold amounted to $86,362,654, and those 

 of silver to $22,590,988, a total of $108,953,642, 

 which gives an excess of exports of specie over 

 imports of $72,694,195. There was an excess of 

 exports amounting to $18,172,094 in 1890, when 

 $12,943,342 in gold and $21,032,984 in silver 

 were imported and $17,274,491 in gold and $34,- 

 873,929 in silver were exported. In 1899 $67,- 

 678,460 of specie were drained from the country, 

 the exports being $59.952.285 in gold and $36,- 

 689,248 in silver, and the imports $10,284,858 in 

 gold and- $18,678,215 in silver. The year before 

 that there was a net importation of $12,923,803, 

 and for a long time previous the movement of 

 specie was to the United States. These figures 

 do not include the metals not yet extracted from 

 ores and copper matte ? of which $283,545 in 

 gold and $8.2.")0.o:'(> in silver were imported, and 

 $100,226 in gold and $283,545 in silver were ex- 

 ported in 1891. 



Commercial Relations. The tables on page 

 190 show the distribution of the commerce of the 

 United States by countries during the year end- 

 ing June 30, 1891. 



The imports from European countries formed 

 53-02 percent. of the total imports in 1881. 

 per cent, in 1886, and 57-01 per cent, in 1891; 

 and of the domestic exports 85-46 per cent, went 

 to Europe in 1881, 80-18 per cent, in 1886, and 



