238 



CONNECTICUT. 



COREA. 



ty of certain ballots which contained the word 

 " for " before the name of each office to be filled, 

 and which also contained, in some cases, the 

 words " For Judge of Probate, Henry H. Stead- 

 man," and in other cases the words " and ex officio 

 Registrar of Births, Marriages, and Deaths," 

 printed after the words " Town Clerk." The 

 court held that, as no office of judge of probate 

 was to be filled at the election in which these 

 ballots were used, and as the statutes provide for 

 the election of a town clerk, and not for any offi- 

 cer called town clerk ande# officio registrar, etc., 

 the addition of the above-quoted phrases vitiated 

 the ballots under the provisions of the ballot law 

 of 1889. This ruling was decisive of the case ; 

 but the court went further and intimated its 

 opinion that the word " for " printed before the 

 name of each office was not such an addition to 

 the ballots as to render them void, unless it 

 should be added for a fraudulent purpose in 

 order to identify them. As the local election 

 officers in many cases at the election of Novem- 

 ber, 1890, had rejected so-called " for " ballots as 

 illegal, this decision seemed to sustain the con- 

 tention of the Republicans as to the illegality of 

 such action. The case arose out of a local elec- 

 tion in the town of Branford. 



Education. The following statistics from 

 the latest report of the State Board of Educa- 

 tion cover the school year 1889-'90 : Children of 

 school age in the State, 159,241 ; number enrolled 

 in the public schools, 126,505 ; enrolled in other 

 schools, 19,066 ; not enrolled in any school, 23,- 

 562 ; average daily attendance in the public 

 schools in winter, 86,275; in summer, 81,038; 

 number of male teachers in the public schools in 

 winter, 460 ; in summer, 356 ; female teachers, 

 in winter, 2,766 ; in summer, 2,852 ; average 

 monthly wages, male teachers, $76.24; average 

 monthly wages, female teachers, $39,34. The 

 total receipts for school purposes during the year 

 amounted to $2,015,667, of which the sum of 

 $119,430 was derived from the income of the 

 school fund, $238,861 from the State tax for 

 schools, $953,890 from town-school taxes, and 

 $580,010 from district-school taxes. On June 

 30, 1890, the principal of the State-school fund 

 was $2,020,073. 



The Normal School buildings at New Britain 

 have been enlarged, and the buildings for the 

 new school at Willimantic are under way. 



During the school year 1889-'90 372 pupils 

 were enrolled at New Britain and 70 at Willi- 

 mantic. 



Savings Banks. On Oct. 1, 1890, there were 

 86 savings banks in the State, having assets and 

 liabilities amounting to^!23.432,832.24. The 

 deposits therein amounted to $116,406,675.39, 

 and they had accumulated a surplus of $4,177,- 

 383.50. Since Oct. 1, 1889, the increase of de- 

 posits had been $6,035.713.09, and of surplus 

 $375,856.32. There were 305,863 depositors, an 

 increase of 10,967 in one year. Eight State 

 banks, eight trust companies, and ten invest- 

 ment companies also do business in the State. 



Tobacco. The number of planters in the" 

 State during the census year 1890 was 2,815 ; 

 the area devoted to tobacco, 6,331 acres ; the 

 product, 8.874,924 pounds : and the value of the 

 crop to the producer, estimated on a basis of 

 actual sales, $1,132,111. 



Manufactures. The following summary of 

 the business of 636 manufacturing establishments 

 in the State is reported by the State Labor Com- 

 missioner : Value of goods manufactured, $125,- 

 723,066.51 ; value of stock and materials, $67,- 

 228,873.72; cost of manufacture (less rent, in- 

 terest, and taxes), $45,541,069.81 ; rent, interest, 

 and taxes, $2,392,008.90; net profits, $10,561,- 

 114.08. The capital employed was $117,361,- 

 435.13 ; the amount paid for labor, $32,720,- 

 018.18 ; and the number of hands employed, 

 75,191. The amount paid for wages was 28'41 of 

 the cost of goods manufactured ; and the value 

 of stock and material 58'37 per cent. 



Local Option. At the town elections held 

 throughout the State early in October, 83 towns 

 voted for license under the local-option law and 

 85 against license. There were few changes from 

 the results of the preceding October election. 



COREA, called by the natives Ta Cho-siin 

 (Great or All Cho-sun), an independent king- 

 dom in Asia, between China, the Yellow Sea, 

 and the Sea of Japan. The name means Morn- 

 ing Radiance. From the Russian province of 

 Primorskaia it is separated by the Tumen, and 

 from the Chinese province of Shing-King by the 

 Yalu river. It thus closely adjoins the three 

 powerful nations China, Russia, and Japan 

 (see map in "Annual Cyclopaedia" for 1885, 

 page 264). Long supposed to be a peninsula, 

 though by first European travelers of the seven- 

 teenth century asserted to be an island, Corea 

 has a complete water boundary. On the north- 

 ern frontier, in north latitude 42 and longitude 

 127 42', rises the main peak of the ever-white 

 mountains, named Paik-Tu, or White Head, in 

 the crater of which lies the Dragon's Jake. Out 

 of this flow the two rivers that divide Corea 

 from Russia and China, making the country an 

 island. In descending the Yalu river on the 

 west a striking difference is noted in flora, 

 fauna, and man. The Chinese, dressed in blue, 

 plow their fields, using horses, on lands from 

 which deciduous trees have been mostly cleared 

 away. The Coreans, dressed in white, use oxen 

 as beasts of draught and burden, and the trees 

 are mostly evergreen. The area of Corea is esti- 

 mated at 82,000 square miles and its sea-coast 

 line at 1,740 miles. The most careful estimates, 

 based on Government reports, give Corea a popu- 

 lation of 12,000,000. 



History. The present race of people in Corea 

 is a composite formed of many tribes and emi- 

 grants from the north and west. Tradition 

 shows the movement of large bodies of men from 

 Manchuria into this river-made island, but tradi- 

 tion and written history gather around the name 

 of Ki Ja (or Ki-shi) as the civilizer of the country. 

 Leaving China on the fall of the Chow dynasty, 

 1122 B. c., Ki Ja entered the present northeastern 

 province of Ping-an with 5,000 followers. He re- 

 duced the various tribes to order, began the capital 

 city that still bears the name of Ping-an, promul- 

 gated laws, divided the country into adminis- 

 trative districts, and introduced Chinese writing, 

 literature, art, medicine, and measures. Intend- 

 ing to reflect the glories of China, his model, 

 he named the country Cho-siin, or Morning Ra- 

 diance. His successors reigned until about 221 

 B. c., from which time until 9 A. D. Corea was in 

 disorder or annexed to China. The era of the 



