244 



DELAWARE. 



cles. Of other provisions imported the United 

 States furnished 35 per cent. ; of metals, 13 per 

 cent. ; of glassware and porcelain, 15 per cent. : 

 of lumber, 60 per cent. ; of hoops and staves, 93 

 per cent, ; of coal, 70 per cent. 



Reciprocity Treaty with Spain. In Jan- 

 uary, 1891, Secretary Elaine opened a corre- 

 spondence with the Spanish Government in 

 which he proposed a new treaty of commerce in 

 which the reciprocity provisions of the new 

 American tariff law would be applied to the 

 products of Cuba and Puerto Rico, in return for 

 compensating advantages to American trade. 

 During the negotiations Senor Canovas asked 

 for a reduction or complete remission of the 

 heavy tobacco duties of the McKinley tariff, in 

 regard to which the United States Government 

 could make no arrangement, because new legis- 

 lation would be required. Minister John W. 

 Poster stood out for the abolition of the duties 

 on flour that were raised in 1889 for the pro- 

 tection of Castilian wheat growers and millers, 

 and although he was unable to secure the free 

 admission of flour, he obtained such a reduction 

 of the duty as will permit the United States to 

 recover and increase the lost trade in cereals. The 

 Spanish Government was constrained to make 

 concessions prejudicial to Spanish producers, 

 and to sacrifice about $6,000.000 of revenue by 

 the pressure brought to bear by the people of 

 Cuba and Puerto Rico, who have been driven to 

 the verge of rebellion by protective duties and 

 other onerous burdens, and who deputed a com- 

 mission of notables to press their demands for 

 reciprocity with the United States, in order to 

 escape the injury that would result from dis- 

 criminating duties against their sugar and coffee 

 and free themselves from the monopoly prices 

 that they have paid for Spanish flour and other 

 manufactures. The most-favored-nation clauses 

 in commercial treaties with Great Britain, Bel- 

 gium, and other countries necessitated the new 

 Spanish treaty into two parts, one of which will 

 not go into effect till after those treaties expire 

 on June 30, 1892. The treaty was signed at 

 Madrid on June 26, 1891. The United States 

 agrees to admit sugar, molasses, coffee, and 

 hides, the produce of the Spanish West Indian 

 colonies, free of duty. Under the first or transi- 

 tory schedule, which entered into operation on 

 Sept. 1, 1891. the following articles of American 

 produce or manufacture are admitted free into 

 Cuba and Puerto Rico : Salted, smoked, or canned 



meats, bacon and hams, lard, and tallow ; pre- 

 served and fresh fish and shell fish ; oats, barley, 

 rye, buckwheat, and flour from these cereals, and 

 starch and alimentary products of maize, except 

 corn meal ; cotton-seed oil and oil cake ; hay, 

 straw, and bran ; fruits, fresh, dried, and pre- 

 served, except raisins, and vegetables and other 

 garden products ; tar, pitch, and turpentine ; 

 lumber, timber, and cooperage materials, boxes, 

 and doors, frames, and sashes; wagons and 

 carts ; sewing machines ; crude petroleum ; coal ; 

 and ice. Corn and corn meal are admitted at a 

 tariff of 25 cents per 100 kilogrammes, wheat at 

 30 cents, and wheat flour at $1, and the duties 

 on butter and cheese, on refined petroleum, and 

 on boots and shoes are reduced 25 per cent. As 

 a definitive arrangement, going into force on 

 July 1, 1892, earthy matters and stone, mineral 

 waters, ice, coal, crude petroleum, resins and 

 turpentine, bricks and tiles, pig iron, and iron 

 castings for building, wrought-iron manufact- 

 ures, raw cotton, animal greases, books, timber 

 and wood manufactures as enumerated above, 

 fertilizers, agricultural and mechanical tools, 

 machinery and wagons, materials for railroads 

 and other public works, ship-building materials, 

 salted meat and provisions as enumerated above, 

 lard and butter, cheese, fish and shell fish, the 

 cereals and cereal products made free in the 

 temporary arrangement, and also the fruits and 

 vegetables and the forage described above, plants- 

 and seeds, and tan bark are permanently exempt- 

 ed from duty. The duties on corn, wheat, and 

 flour specified in the transitory schedule are 

 made permanent, and railroad and street cars 

 are not to pay a higher duty than 1 per cent. 

 ad valorem. On carved and polished stone, 

 glassware, glazed tiles, earthenware, fine iron 

 manufactures, steel and iron axles and springs, 

 scales, needles and cutlery, tin plate, copper and 

 brass manufactures, furniture, straw and wicker 

 manufactures, crackers, pastes and farinas, 

 canned goods, preserves and pickles, sauces, 

 rubber manufactures, and rice are admitted at a 

 reduction of 50 per cent. A reduction of 25 per 

 cent, is allowed in the permanent schedule on 

 refined mineral oil, cotton manufactures, rope 

 and cordage, colors and varnishes, soap, medicines 

 and drugs, candles, printing and wall paper, 

 wrapping paper and paper boxes, leather and 

 skins of all kinds, boots and shoes, trunks and 

 traveling bags, harness and saddlery, watches 

 and clocks, and carriages. 



DELAWARE, a Middle Atlantic State, one 

 of the original thirteen ; ratified the Federal 

 Constitution Dec. 7, 1787; area, 2,050 square 

 miles. The population, according to each de- 

 cennial census, was 59.096 in 1790; 64,273 in 

 1800 ; 72,674 in 1810 ; 72,749 in 1820 ; 76,748 in 

 1830; 78,085 in 1840; 91,532 in 1850; 112,216 in 

 1860; 125.015 in 1870; 146,608 in 1880; and 

 168,493 in 1890. Capital, Dover. 



Government. The following were the State 

 officers during the year: Governor, Robert J. 

 Reynolds (Democrat) ; Secretary of State, David 



T. Marvel ; Treasurer, Wilbur F. Burnite; Audi- 

 tor, John P. Dulaney ; Attorney-General, John 

 Biggs ; Insurance Commissioner. Isaac N. Fooks ; 

 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Joseph P. 

 Comegys: Associate Justices, Ignatius C. Gruhb, 

 John W. Houston, and Charles M. Cullen ; Chan- 

 cellor, Willard Saulsbury. 



Finances. The balance in the State treasury 

 on Dec. 31, 1889, was $79,101.18 ; the total re- 

 ceipts for the year ensuing were $289,086.47 ; 

 the total expenditures were $270.428.45; and 

 the balance remaining on Dec. 31, 1890, was 



