DENMARK. 



247 



Apri: Ho was the f 'iii-tli son of Duke 



Wilheliii -f Schleswiu' lloNtein - Sonderburg- 

 ~burg and of Princess Louise of II. 

 I, and was selected in 1852 l>y the great 

 heir to tin- childless Fivderiek VII, at 

 death, on N'nv. If), 18(13, tin- mule lino of 

 tin; h"ii-e of Oldenburg that had reigned since 

 11 1^ l.fi-anic extinct. The heir-apparent is Prince 

 nk, born .June 15, IM'!. His eldest, sifter, 

 aM Alexandra, born Dec. 1, 1844, married 

 tin Prince of Wales in 1863: his brother, Prince 

 Wilhelin. horn Dec. 24, 1845, was elected King 

 of the Hellenes by the Greek Assembly in 1863 

 under the title of Georgios I ; the second sister, 

 Marie Dagmar, born Nov. 26, 1847, married in 

 the Czarevich, now the Emperor of Russia ; 

 ineess Thyra. the third sister, married the 

 ke of Cumberland in 1878; and Prince Wai- 

 mar, the youngest brother, born Oct. 27, 1858, 

 nrriei- the Prince^- Marie, eldest daughter of 

 e Due de Chartres in 1885. The executive 

 is exercised through a State Council, 

 ich was composed in 1891 of the following 

 .embers: President and Minister of Finance, 

 b B. S. Estrup, appointed June 11, 1875; 

 mister of the Interior, H. G. Ingerslev, appoint- 

 Aug. 7, 1885; Minister of Justice and Miuis- 

 for Iceland, J. M. V. Nellemann, appointed 

 ne 11, 1875 ; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Otto 

 it lev. Baron Rosencern-Lehn, appointed Oct. 

 1. 1S75; Minister of War, Col. J. J. Bahnsen, 

 pointed Sept. 13, 1884; Minister of Marine, 

 mmiiinder N. F. Ravn, appointed Jan. 4, 1879; 

 inisterof Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs, 

 F. Scavenius. appointed Aug. 24, 1880. 

 Area and Population. The kingdom has 

 area of 14,124 square miles. The population, 

 rdingto the decennial census taken on Feb. 1, 

 !H), was 2,185,159, consisting (without the 12,954 

 habitants of the Faeroe Islands) of 1,059,222 

 ales and 1,112,983 females. The population of 

 ie city of Copenhagen was 312,387 ; of the islands 

 the Baltic, 917,457; of the peninsula of Jut- 

 d. 942,361. For each of the two last decennial 

 riods the increase has been 10 per cent., or at 

 e rate of 1 per cent, per annum. The town 

 >pulation has increased 28'7 per cent, in the last 

 n years, and the rural population 3-77 per cent. 

 ' population of Copenhagen with the suburbs 

 375,251 ; that of Aarhuus, 33,308 ; of Odense, 

 1,277; of Aalborg, 19,503; of Hersens, 17,290 ; 

 Randers. 17.617. The number of marriages in 

 was 15,091 ; of births, 69.220 : of deaths, 

 ,661 ; surplus of births, 25.550. Emigration, 

 hich is mostly directed to the United States. 

 k away 8,967 people in 1889, as compared with 

 59 in 1888. 



The Faroe Islands, 340 square miles in extent, 

 >rm practically a part of the kingdom. Their 

 >pulation in 1890 was 12,954, comprising 0,225 

 ales and 6,729 females. 



Finance. The revenue was estimated for 1889 

 "i-J. 457,514 kroner, or Danish crowns, of the 

 ,lue of 27 cents, and expenditure at 57,251,480 

 nee For 1891 the budget makes the revenue 

 ,683,727 kroner, of which 29,86 1,000 kroner are 

 rived from customs and excise, 9,635.900 kroner 

 m direct taxes, 3,916.988 kroner represent the 

 terc-t on St at e assets, 2.630,000 kroner come from 

 nip duties, 2,103,000 kroner from judicial and 

 istration fees, and 6,536,837 kroner from other 



sources. The expenditure for the year ending 

 March 31. 1H91. is .-Miniated at 02.306.WW kroner, 

 of which Hi.'jsii,:;ii!) kroner are for military pur- 

 poses, ;.i;-,i<u;il kroner for the navy, i;.!l41,611 

 kroner for the debt, 3,469,978 kroner for justice. 

 >*4 kroner for finance administration, 

 o.o','i.044 kroner for the interior department. 

 3,430.490 kroner for pensions, -J.47li.ri01 kroner 

 for public worship and education, l.-J-j:{,24( kroner 

 for the civil list, 411,544 kroner for foreign af- 

 fairs, 306,616 kroner for the Higsdag and Coun- 

 cil of State, 94,664 kroner for Iceland. H.712.745 

 kroner for improvement of state property and 

 reduction of the debt, and ll,674.H.'i(> kroner for 

 extraordinary purposes of state. The total 

 amount of the debt at the end of the fiscal year 

 1889 was 190.331,149 kroner. The foreign debt 

 is only 11,677,700 kroner, paying 4 p< r cent, in- 

 terest, while the interest of the bulk of the debt 

 held in the country is 3$ per cent. The reserve 

 fund amassed in the Treasury for sudden emer- 



fencies amounted on March 31, 1889, to 17,821,796 

 roner. The total available funds amounted to 

 81,905,797 kroner, nearly half the capital of the 

 debt. 



The Army. The soldiers of the first ban. in 

 which the period of service is from the age of 

 twenty-two to that of thirty years, are trained for 

 six months in the infantry and nine for the cav- 

 alry, and afterward may be called out for thirty 

 days to take part in the annual manoeuvres. The 

 second ban comprises all able-bodied Danes be- 

 tween the ages of thirty and thirty-eight years. 

 The annual conscription is about 11,000 men. 

 The total war effective is 59,562 men. In the 

 first ban were enrolled in 1890 1,176 officers and 

 41,733 rank and file, and in the second ban 2!4 

 officers and 16,318 non-commissioned officers and 

 soldiers. 



The scheme of national defenses adopted by 

 the Government in 1882 includes the fortifica"- 

 tion of Copenhagen on both the sea and the land 

 sides, and the construction of forts and intrenched 

 camps at the chief strategic points. This was 

 expected to cost, with additions to the fleet, the 

 sum of 72,000,000 kroner. The Rigsdag has 

 persistently refused to consent to this expendi- 

 ture. Nevertheless, the Government has built the 

 maritime fortifications of Copenhagen, levying 

 taxes and making payments in accordance with 

 the estimates approved by the Landsthing. but 

 rejected by the Folkething, and promulgated by 

 royal decree on April 1, the day following the 

 closure of each session. Minister of War Halm- 

 sen, in August, 1891, announced that the fortifi- 

 cation of Copenhagen would be completed in two 

 years more at a total cost of 35,000.000 kroner, 

 of which 17,000.000 are for fortifications on the 

 land side, 12,000,000 for sea forts, and 6,000.000 

 for guns. 



Tile Nary. The efficient ships in the Danish 

 navy comprise 5 armored vessels of the first ( la<-. 

 8 of the second class. 1 first-class, 2 second-class, 

 and 6 third-class cruisers, 8 iron gunboats, and 

 10 first-class and 10 second-class torpedo l>oats. 

 The " Ivcr Hvitfeldt" is a barbette ship of 8,260 

 tons, built in 1886, carrying 2 28-ton guns, hav- 

 ing llA-inch armor at the water line, and a 

 of 15i knots. The " Helgoland," a central-bat- 

 tery ironclad, launched in 1878, has 12-inch side 

 armor, is armed with 136-ton and 4 22-ton guns, 



