EAST AFRICA. 





I vsl \l KM \. Some of tin- enthu 



eived ih- idea of founding a Herman 

 ! empire lliat wniild allonl a iniirkct I'm- 

 ii manufactures mid divert emigration 



III tin- I'llllcd Stales -clielned to bring tinder 



ii ilominioii tin- region of Uio great lake.-. 

 Africa, where Ilicrc arc licall hful and 

 oduciive countries suitable for European col- 

 .ii. and \\licrc a flourishing commerce 

 .v-tcd. Tlie Sultan of Zanzibar exer- 

 leignty alone the coast, where all the 

 I-IM.I-S were held I iy him, and his officers col- 

 duties on all goods nassing through. In 

 if interior he had armed forces at certain posts 

 the trade mules and furnished escorts to ear- 

 In iss/ithe (id-man Kast Africa Com- 

 iv obtained an imperial chart or after having, 

 ir<>ugh Dr. Peters. Count Pfeil, and other cmis- 

 madf treaties of protection with native 

 niling over countries between the coast 

 the lakes. North of the lakes the Germans 

 eil to acquire the Equatorial Province, which 

 in Pasha continued to administer after it was 

 indoned I iy Kgypt. The company founded sev- 

 statiotis, ami began planting and trading in 

 coast region. The ^Ma^-protection formerly 

 d I iy (ireat Britain over the Sultan of Zan- 

 tr having lieen relini|iiished, a lease was exe- 

 ited in April. 1888, by which the Sultan ceded 

 the Herman company for fifty years the cus- 

 and administration of the harbors and the 

 rip of coast over which he exercised sovereignty 

 tar north as Wanga, thus giving the Germans 

 nitrol of all the caravan routes. The English 

 ere chiefly anxious at that time to induce the 

 iTiuans to give up the territorial rights they 

 acquired in Zululand and restrict their ex- 

 insion on the west coast, where established Brit- 

 commercial interests were threatened. Sub- 

 [uently the British Government, determined to 

 I n ire a foothold on the east coast, in order to 

 ihlish a presumptive claim to the region of 

 upper Nile and compete for the possession of 

 ae lake region. In 1886 the German and British 

 ivernmcnts came to an agreement, delimiting 

 their spheres of influence. The Sultan of Zanzi- 

 was recognized as the sovereign of a strip of 

 st 10 miles in width, extending from Cape 

 do, the northern limit of the Portuguese 

 sions in the south, to Kipini, on the Ozi 

 in the north, and north of Kipini, of the 

 where he had garrisons, viz., Lamu, Kis- 

 lyu, Brava, Merka, Magadosho, and Warsheik. 

 Herman sphere of influence embraced the 

 iterior from the river Rovumiv in the south to 

 Umba in the north, and the English sphere 

 in the whole country north of the Umba 

 :-pt the strip belonging to Zanzibar. A Brit- 

 East Africa Company, established by Sir 

 'illiam Mackinnon. obtained, on Sept. 3, 1888, 

 " charter granting the privilege of admin- 

 Ting and exploiting the British sphere. The 

 tish company acquired from the Sultan of 

 in/ibar the cession for fifty years of the coast 

 id harbors and the right to collect customs 

 i the Umba to Kipini. In ISS'I the Sultan 

 led also his ports north of Kipini and 1 1n- 

 lands of Lamu. Manda. and Patta. The stil- 

 :iate .if Vitn was claimed by Germany by vir- 

 B of a protectorate accepted by its sultan. 

 iile the English asserted that it was subject to 



the Sultan of Zanzibar, and therefore wan in- 

 cluded in hi- ce--ioii to them. On July 1 

 a more complete treaty was made between ' 

 Britain and Germany for the settlement of nil 

 territorial questions in Africa. Germany obtained 

 from the Sultan of Zanzibar the absolute < 

 of the coast within the limits of tin- Herman 

 sphere in return for a payment of 4.000,000 

 marks. Germany agreed to pay the furthcrsum 

 of 6,000,000 marks for the indemnification of 

 private sufferers from bombardment and other 

 operations in suppressing the insurrection in 

 German East Africa, mostly Indian subjects of 

 Great Britain. England renounced claims ad- 

 vanced to the shores of Tanganyika and tin- 

 country between that lake and the Victoria 

 N van/a, and recognized the German spl 

 extending to the bounds of the Congo i>ee State, 

 and allowed the line of demarkation to be drawn 

 from the Umba or Tana river northwestward, 

 with a deflection to include the whole of Mount 

 Kilimandjaro in the German sphere, till it 

 strikes Victoria Nyanza in latitude 1 south. 

 West of the lake it follows the first parallel 

 till it conies to Mpororo, where an indentation 

 is made to include Mount Mfumbiro in the 

 British sphere. By this arrangement Germany 

 gave up her pretensions to Uganda and to 

 Emin's province, and agreed further to hand 

 over Vitu to the British company, to renounce 

 all claims to the port of Lamu and the islands 

 of Manda and Patta, and to acknowledge on 

 English protectorate over the dominions of the 

 Sultan of Zanzibar, now reduced to the islands 

 of Zanzibar and Peinba. When this protectorate 

 was declared the northern ports of Kismayii. 

 Brava, Merka, Magadosho, Warsheik. and Maroti 

 were transferred to Italy, which declared a pro- 

 tectorate over the sultanate of Obbia in Febru- 

 ary, 1889, over the Somali coast northward as 

 far as 8 8' of north latitude in the April 

 following, and in November over the Bcnadir 

 coast from Obbia southward to the limit of the 

 British East Africa Company's territory at the 

 river Jub. In 1891 England recognized the 

 part of Somaliland as lying within the Italian 

 sphere of interest. A full cession of its part of 

 the Zanzibar coast and of the leased islands was 

 obtained from the Sultan of Zanzibar by the Im- 

 perial British East Africa Company. 



British East Africa. The territory of the 

 British East Africa Company is conterminous 

 with German East Africa in the south, following 

 the line that runs northwestward from the 

 mouth of the Umba to the shore of Lake Vic- 

 toria, and. crossing the lake, extends westward to 

 the border of the Congo State, which forms the 

 western boundary. The boundarv lx>twecn the 

 British and Italian spheres of Influence follows 

 the left bank of the Jub river in a'north westerly 

 direction up to & of north latitude, and thence 

 extends westward along the borders of Galla- 

 land and Abyssinia to the western watershed of 

 the Nile. Tims, the region of the White and 

 Blue Nile, including the Equatorial Province and 

 parts of Kordofan and Darfur. which are still 

 nominally subject to Kgypt, is claimed and con- 

 ceded by Germany to lie withinthe British sphere, 

 which embraces further a great part of Somali- 

 land, I'-L:". I'ganda, Unyoro, Gambaragara, 

 Toro, Ankori, Mpororo, a part of Ruanda, Singo. 



