EAST AFRICA. 



Ml 



to the expulsion of nil the 

 .nit ami Catholic nii.--ionan<^ in (ictnluT, 

 The Christian- lied to the country of the 

 i and I" tin 1 islands of the lake. Tin; 

 IH of I'gandu with whom they 

 : i hem-elves had all the boats, and .Mwanga 

 i he mis.-ioimries arul offered to ein- 

 rhri-tianity if they would form an army 

 Mowers to restore him to the throne. 

 I'rototant ini-siouaries ad\i:ed him 

 ply to the l!riti.-h Kast Africa Company, 

 .if their native wlherents joint- I those of 

 i'n-nch priests anil, aided by the Knulish- 

 Ntoke-. who had been a missionary, then a 

 , and has latterly been in the service of 

 the Hermans, the Christians defeated Kiwewa's 

 army and re-established the exiled Mwanga in 

 in the summer of ISH!). Not long after- 

 ward Dr. Peters arrived, and Mwanga, who had 

 applied in vain to .Mr. Jackson, the representative 

 British Hast Africa Company for aid in 

 \\\< dillieiilties. made overtures for placing the 

 kingdom under the protectorate of Germany. 

 He was convinced that it must fall eventually 

 under the dominion of the Europeans, who had 

 ;<hed their power in the coast region, and 

 thought that he could choose among the Euro- 

 rulers the suzerain that would offer him the 

 must advantages. For an English protectorate 

 he had an aversion, and when nothing came of 

 his first proposals to Germany he turned to the 

 Catholic priests and offered to give his allegiance 

 t" '.-'ranee, having first rejected Mr. Jackson's 

 offer to assume for the British East Africa Com- 

 pany the entire government of the country. 

 The ei mipany proposed to dispose of the revenues, 

 '1 trade, and maintain order, and to retire 

 the King and the chief dignitaries on pensions, 

 the Anglo-German agreement of July, 

 1 sin i, confirmed their claim to the country, the 

 Brit ish Mast Africa Company's officials, although 

 the countries forming the Empire of Uganda 

 he immediate goal of their enterprise, con- 

 tented themselves with making their position 

 re on the coast, hoping with the transit 

 duties to keep expenses within the revenue and 

 distribute some surplus among shareholders 

 while building docks, roads, and a railroad, and 

 ding gradually inland their political ad- 

 ministration. When Kmin Pasha advanced in 

 the direction of Uganda they feared that accom- 

 plished facts might upset treaty arrangements. 

 The news of the Anglo-German treaty assigning 

 I'u'anda to England was brought by Mr. Walker, 

 an Kni,'l ish missionary, on Nov. 1, 1890, and was 

 confirmed shortly afterward by Emin Pasha's 

 note declining to take possession of the country 

 in the name of Germany. The King and his 

 ministers, all followers of the Roman Catholic 

 priests, proclaimed a French protectorate, and 

 aily to fall upon the Protestant party and 

 drive the British missionaries from the country, 

 when an army of Mahdists. whose aid the Arab 

 dealers had obtained, appeared on the 

 northern frontier to conquer the country for 

 Mohammedanism before it could be occupied by 

 Christian forces. All parties united and drove 

 Ki.-k the invaders. Lest the King's preference 

 for Germany should impel him to place Emin 



I ha in control of the country, the British Ka-t 

 ica Company ordered Capt. F. D. Lugard to 



proceed to Uganda. He had attended the 

 Sabaki river, which he recommends a- the route 

 for the proposed railroad, and was engaged in 

 building a station when tin- order cam.-. With 

 his force of :{(X) Soudanese and /anx.ibam he 

 marched northward, entered Usogo through 

 Kavirondo, and on Dee. j;{, MX weeks after In- 

 set out from Kikuyii, he was on the Nile, which 

 forms the boundary between I'sogo and Uganda. 

 and live days later in Mengo. Sei/ing a po-iti..n 

 on a hill, he demanded that the King should 

 sign a treaty. The Protestant natives were 

 scarcely less hostile to the English than the 

 Catholics, who were only restrained by thtir 

 bishop from annihilating ihc British force. The 

 King was too politic and timorous to consent to 

 an attack, and on Dec. 26 he gave way to Lu- 

 gard's threats and signed a treaty for two years. 

 He had sent envoys to the coast to inquire into 

 the political situation, and after signing he said 

 that if the Germans had not abandoned Uganda 

 to the English he would revoke the treaty and 

 accept their protectorate. In February, Cant. 

 W. H. Williams arrived with a body of troops to 

 re-enforce ('apt. Lugard, who had built a strong 

 fort at Mengo. The Protestants suffered in 

 consequence of the presence of the British. They 

 were plundered and murdered by the Kin IT'S 

 party, Capt. Lugard not daring to interfere till 

 Capt. Williams arrived, when he demanded that 

 the King should see that they had justice. The 

 Catholics and the heathen united with the in- 

 tention of expelling the Protestant natives and 

 attacking the British fort. To avert civil war, 

 Mwanga turned to Capt. Lugard, and by his ad- 

 vice, supported by his prestige, the disputes 

 about land and slaves, which were at the bottom 

 of the difficulty, were equitably arranged. I.e-t 

 the civil strife should be rekindled, Capt. Lugard 

 proposed to the King to call his warriors to arms, 

 and with the aid of his own troops, with their 

 repeating rifles and Maxim guns, to give battle 

 to the exiled Mohammedans and Arab slavers, 

 who, having obtained aid from the Mahdists, and 

 formed an alliance with the Wanyoro and Ka- 

 brega, were gathered in great force near the 

 frontier, ready to overwhelm the Christians with 

 an army of 10,000 men. In October the King's 

 and Capt. Lugard's forces were reported to have 

 met the Mohammedans and defeated them in a 

 pitched battle in Unyoro. 



The expense of maintaining an armed force in 

 Uganda exhausted the capital of the British 

 Ka>t Africa Company, which applied to the 

 English' Government for a guarantee of interest 

 to enable it to raise fresh capital for the con- 

 struction of the railroad from Mombasa to the 

 lake. Such a guarantee would not merely 

 pledge the credit of the Government, but would 

 virtually commit it to semi British troops to 

 protect the property in which it was interested 

 in case the Ka.-t Africa Company excited the 

 hostility of the natives. For this reason Sir 

 William Harcourt declined to allow to pass 

 through Parliament without full discussion a 

 preliminary bill to grant 20,000 for a Govern- 

 ment survey of the railroad route and for the ex- 

 ploration of the commercial resources of British 

 KaM Africa. I" nable to continue the expensive 

 occupation of Uganda, or, perhaps, with the ob- 

 ject of bringing the pressure of public opinion 



