111 Ouayaquil to Kiohamba, including 

 i already built to Chimbo. 7 IM-I- rent. 

 e-t on $10,000,000 capital being guaranteed 



K<;VIT. 



869 



ing the rank of Sirdar, has charge of the mili- 

 tary organi/ation. 

 Area and Population. Kgvpt proper, to 



-:_!_ Al_ _ il ^A r .1 l-l *i: _ I- r. i 



ii-u-thive \.-ar> h\ tin- <MI\. rnment. which which the authority of tin- Khedive is limited 



absolute owner of the property at the 



tili\ \.-ars. Tlir line traverses the llnv.' 



of the Amies In-fore reaching Itiolmmlia, 



in he continued to Quito at comparati\ely 



.-\peiise. Another line was aiithori/.ed in 



, i ijuito with t lie port of Bahia, the distance 



IMI miles. On this railroa-.l the Govern- 



,'uaraiitei-s li per cent, interest for fifty 



and will take it over without other coni- 



;.ui at tlie end of seventy-live years. 



,i ilT. which went, into effect on Jan. 1, 

 Mcrea-ed the specific' duties on many arti- 

 f import and added an extra ad valorem 

 per rent, on ready-made clothing and 

 per cent, on all other imports, and in ad- 

 dition to that a special duty of 10 per cent, to 



since (lie evacuation of the Soudan at the de- 

 mand of the British (iovernment in 1864, ex- 

 tends to the second cataract of the Nile at \Vady 

 Haifa, beyond which a part of the Mudirieh of 

 Dongola has since been occupied. In the east 

 the governorships of the Isthmus of Si.. 

 Arish, in Syria, and Kosseir, or Suakin, on the 

 Red Sea coast, are under the immediate do- 

 minion of the Khedive, and in the west the 

 oases of the Libyan desert. The total area is 

 400,000 square miles, though 12,976 sqmuc 

 miles, forming the narrow A-alley of the Nile and 

 its delta, include the whole settled and cultivated 

 area ; and of this, 4,750 square miles are barren or 

 covered with water. Tne population in 1882 

 was 6,817,265, divided into 3,401,498 males and 



interest and provide a sinking fund, in pur- 8,415,767 females. The foreign population at 



suance nf an arrangement made with the foreign 

 bondholders. An export duty of 64 cents per 

 quintal is levied on cocoa, coffee, and hides, and 



rubber and tobacco. 



M.Yl'T, a principality in northern Africa, 

 tributary to Turkey. The Government is an ab- 

 solute hereditary monarchy, under a prince who 

 ha^ borne since June 26, 1867, by a perpetual con- 

 11 of the Sultan of Turkey, the title of 

 Khedive or Viceroy. The reigning Khedive of 

 Ku'ypt and Sovereign of Nubia, the Soudan, 

 Kordofan, and Darfur in 1891 was Mohammed 

 Tewiik. born Nov. 19, 1852, died in January, 

 is'.ij. who succeeded his father, Ismail, when the 



was compelled to abdicate, on June 26, 

 isii'.i. by the English and French governments 

 intervening in behalf of the European bond- 

 holders. From that time till 1882 the Govern- 

 ment was conducted under a dual control, those 

 governments each appointing a controller-gen- 

 eral, without whose recommendation or consent 

 no measure affecting the financial condition of 

 Egypt could be taken. In 1882 Arabi Pasha, a 

 colonel in the Egyptian army, headed a military 

 revolt for the purpose of establishing a popular 

 representative system of government and abol- 



the time of the census was 90,886, about two 

 fifths being Greeks, one fifth Italians, more than 

 one sixth French, one twelfth Austrians, and 

 one fifteenth English. The number of resident 

 foreigners has greatly increased since then, and 

 the proportions have changed in consequence of 

 the British occupation. 



Finance. In the budget for 1891 the total 

 revenue was estimated at 9,820.000 Egyptian 

 pounds (1 E. =$4.97). The land tax, date 

 taxes, etc,, were reckoned at K. 5,100,000; 

 professional and urban taxes, etc., E. 155,000; 

 customs, E. 1,380,000; octrois, E. 230,000; 

 salt and natron taxes, K. 230.000 ; fisheries, 

 E. 80,000; navigation dues, E. 74,000; rail- 

 roads, E. 1,350,000; telegraphs, E. 25,000; 

 port of Alexandria, E. 110,000 ; posts, E. 246,- 

 000; light-houses, E. 90,000 ; Ministry of Jus- 

 tice, E. 365,000 ; exemption from military serv- 

 ice, E. 100,000 ; rent of Government property, 

 E. 70,000; Governorship of Suakin, E. 13,- 

 000 ; pension fund, E. 55,000 ; other receipts, 

 E. 147,000. The total expenditure was fixed 

 at E. 9,320,000, divided under the several heads 

 as follows: Public debt, E. 4,061,035; tribute 

 to the Sultan, E. 665,041 ; the Khedive's civil 



ishingthc rule of English and French officials, list, E. 100.000; civil list of ex-Khedive Is- 



The French Government having declined to 

 take part in the bombardment of Alexandria 

 and the invasion of Egypt, British troops de- 

 feated the Egvptian army and occupied the 

 country. The dual control was abolished by khe- 

 divial decree on Jan. 18, 1883, and an English 

 financial adviser, whose concurrence is requisite 

 in all financial measures and who has a right to 

 sit in the Council of Ministers and to take part 



mail Pasha, E. 114,127; the Khedive's private 

 Cabinet, E. 54,420; Ministry of Public Works, 

 E. 458,300 ; Ministry of Justice, E. 367,448; 

 administration of provinces, E. 358,716 ; Min- 

 istry of Finance, E. 116,797; Ministry of the 

 Interior, E. 110,793; Ministry of Public In- 

 struction. E. 88,478 ; other ministries, E. 125,- 

 711; administration of customs, E. 116,469; 

 octroi administration, E. 42,359; salt and 



in the deliberations was appointed. The inin- natron monopolies, E. 63,157: fisheries, E. 8,- 

 .-....&*.._ 392; navigation, E. 8,433; railroads, E. 635,- 



211; telegraphs, E. 85,000; port of Alexan- 

 dria, . E. 195,000 ; posts and postal boats. 

 E. 218,611 : light-houses, E. 26,769; public 

 security, military, police, prisons, and army of 

 occupation, i E. 679,839: Suakin, E. 111,428; 

 pensions, K. 435.000 ; abolition of corrte, E. 

 250.000; other expenditures, E. 58,786. 



The capital of the Egyptian debt at the be- 

 ginning of 1891 was E. 106,937,760, made up 

 follows: Guaranteed loan at 8 per cent., 



\-\ ry at the beginning of 1891 was composed as 

 follows: President of the Council, Minister of 

 til.- Interior, and Minister of Finance, Ilia/, 

 IVha; Minister of Foreign Affaire, Zulfikar 

 IVha : Minister of Justice, Fakhri Pasha: 

 Minister of Public Instruction, AH Mubarek 



; Secretary-General, Kahil Pasha. The 

 British diplomatic representative and consul- 

 general, who is the financial adviser of the 

 Kin-dive, is Sir Evelyn Baring. Sir Colin 



MoncriefY has presided over the Depart- 

 ment of Public Works since the British control 

 was established, and Gen. F. W. Grenfell, hold- 



E. 9.069.100; privileged debt at 8J per cent, 

 i 1 :. 29,500,000 ; unified debt paying 4 per cent. 





