GERMANY. 



321 



C;ir.>lill!l coal deposits exist ill Slnkc^ and Koek- 



Inghiun Counties along Dan river, ami in rhat- 

 >:nl Moore Counties iii tin- valley of Deep 

 riv.-r. Only one company is mining coal on a 

 coimneivial IMMS in Unit Stall-. For 1889 the 

 coal product .if |)adr ( 'oimty. ( leorgia, and Chat- 

 ham, ami Stokes Counties, North ( 'arolimi, was 

 j'Jii. l.'.r, t . MIS, worth on an average $1.50 a ton at 

 tin- mini's. Tin- total immlirr of employ.- in 

 i these counties, including office force, was 

 Tin, to \vlinin was paid in wages $265,464. The 

 number of acres owned in these counties was 

 :. ami tin- value of mines and improve- 

 ments $724.500. 



(iKRMANY, an empire in central Europe, 

 constituted at the close of the Franco-German 

 \Var, when the states of the North German Con- 

 federation, the Kingdoms of Bavaria and Wurt- 

 emberg, and the Grand Duchies of Hesse and 

 Baden invited the King of Prussia to assume 

 the dignity of German Emperor. The Empire 

 was proclaimed at Versailles on Jan. 18, 1871, 

 and the Constitution, by the terms of which the 

 states of Germany entered into a "perpetual 

 union for the protection of the Reich and the 

 welfare of the German people," was promul- 

 gated on April 16, 1871. The Deutscher Kaiser 

 or Herman Emperor is the Kriegsherr or lord of 

 military forces, and has power to make alliances 

 and treaties, to declare war, and conclude peace, 

 except in an aggressive war he must have the 

 consent of the Federal Council. In all interna- 

 tional relations he can act without consulting 

 the other German princes, and all diplomatic 

 representatives are accredited by him. The chief 

 imperial functionary is the Chancellor. The 

 legislative power in matters concerning the mili- 

 tary and naval forces, finances, commerce, domi- 

 cile, communications, and justice is exercised 

 by the Federal Council jointly with the Reichs- 

 tag. The Federal Council or Bundesrath is 

 composed of 58 members, of whom 17 are pleni- 

 potentiaries of Prussia, 6 of Bavaria, 4 of Sax- 

 ony, 4 of Wiirtemberg, 3 of Baden, 3 of Hesse, 

 2 of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 2 of Brunswick, and 

 1 one of the other states and free cities forming 

 the empire, nominated by the chiefs of the Gov- 

 ernment in each state. The Reichstag or Ger- 

 man Parliament contains 397 deputies, elected 

 for five years by the direct suffrage of all citi- 

 zens twenty-five years of age. The Constitution 

 was modified by the law of March 19, 1888, 

 which made the legislative period from 1890 five 

 vears instead of three. The members of the 

 Bundesrath are appointed for each session. Prus- 

 sia elects 236 members to the Reichstag, Bavaria 

 48, Saxony 23, Wiirtemberg 17, Alsace-Lorraine 

 15, Baden 14, Hesse 9, Mecklenburg-Schwerin 6, 

 Oldenburg 3, Saxe- Weimar 3, Brunswick 3, Ham- 

 burg 3, Saxe-Meiningen 2, Anhalt 2, Saxe-Co- 

 burg-Gotha 2, Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1, Saxe-Al- 

 tenburg 1, Waldeck 1, Lippe 1, Schwarzburg- 

 RudoLstadt 1, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen 1. 

 Reuss-Schleiz 1, Schaumburg-Lippe 1, Reuss- 

 Greiz 1, Lubeck 1, and Bremen 1. The Deputies 

 receive no pay. The Emperor can not veto meas- 

 ures passed by the Reichstag and Bundesrath. 

 Alsace-Lorraine is represented in the Bundes- 

 rath by four commissioners appointed by the 

 Statthaltcr, who have no votes. At the general 

 election of 1890 the number of registered voters 

 VOL. xxxi. 21 A 



was 10,145,877, or 21.7 per cent, of the total popu- 

 lation, and the number of ballots cast was 7, -';!.- 

 6.VI. or 71-6 per cent, of the total number of 

 qualified electors. The Bundexrath and Reichs- 

 tag are convoked annually by the Km pen. r. who 

 has the right to prorogue Parliament, and may 

 dissolve the, Reichstag with the consent of the 

 Bundesrath. Without its consent he may not 

 adjourn the Reichstag for more than thirty days, 

 and in the event of a dissolution new electio'ns 

 must be held within sixty days, and tin- new 

 Reichstag be convoked within ninety days. All 

 legislative measures must receive an absolute 

 majority vote in the Bundesrath and the Reichs- 

 tag, and received the Kmperor's assent and IH; 

 countersigned by the Chancellor of the Empire. 



The Emperor is Wilhelm II, born Jan. 27, 

 1859, eldest son of Friedreich, whom he succeeded 

 as King of Prussia and German Kaiser on June 

 15, 1888. The Chancellor of the Empire is Gen. 

 Georg von Caprivi, born in 1831, who succeeded 

 Prince Otto yon Bismarck on March 20, 1890. 

 The Secretaries of State, who act independently 

 of each other under the supervision of the Chan- 

 cellor, were in the beginning of 1891 as follow : 

 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Freiherr Marschall 

 Bieberstein ; Imperial Home Office and Repre- 

 sentative of the Chancellor, Dr. von Botticher ; 

 Imperial Admiralty, Herr Hollman: Secretary 

 and Admiral, Freiherr von der Goltz, Commander- 

 in-Chief ; Ministry of Justice, Herr von OehlschlS- 

 ger : Imperial Treasury, Freiherr von Maltzahn ; 

 Post-office, Dr. von Stephen; Railroads, Herr 

 von Maybach ; Imperial Exchequer, Herr von 

 Stilnzner; Invalid Fund, Dr. Michaelis; Imper- 

 ial Bank, Dr. Koch ; Debt Commission, Herr 

 Meinicke. 



Area and Population. The area of the Em- 

 pire is 211,168 square miles. The population on 

 Dec. 1, 1885, was 46,855,704. The preliminary 

 returns of the census of the empire, taken on 

 Dec. 1, 1890, make the total population 49,420,- 

 842 persons, of whom 29,957,302 are Prussians. 



The number of marriages in 1888 was 376,654 ; 

 the number of births was 1,828,379, of which 

 169,645 were illegitimate ; the number of deaths 

 was 1,209,798. Of the children born, 940,917 

 were boys and 887,461 girls. The emigration in 

 1889 was 96,032 persons, of whom 90,197 were 

 bound for the United States, 2,412 for Brazil, 

 2,243 for other American countries, 496 for Aus- 

 tralia, 422 for Africa, and 262 for Africa. The 

 number of persons who emigrated in 1890 by 

 way of German ports Antwerp, Rotterdam, 

 and Amsterdam was 91,925, of whom 59.702 

 were from Prussia, 9,725 from Bavaria, 5,987 

 from Wiirtemberg, 3,546 from Baden, 2,577 from 

 Saxony, 2,122 from Hesse, and the rest from the 

 minor states. Including those who shipped at 

 French ports, the emigration in 1890 was about 

 97,700. The population of Berlin in 1890 was 

 !.:.:'.i.244: of Hamburg, 570,534; of Leipsic. 

 i:!..V,'.-, : i.f Munich, 348,317: of Breslau, :!:?.-,.- 

 174 ; of Cologne, 289,537 : of Dresden, 276.0S~> : . .f 

 Mairdeburg, 201,913; of Frankfort-on-the-Main. 

 1 ?.).()()(); of Hanover, 163,100; of KOnigsberir. 

 l")l.l.")l. Including the suburbs, Hamburg, with 

 570,534 inhabitants, is the second city in the 

 empire, and Leipsic, with 355,485, takes the third 

 place. There were in 1871 only 8 cities of more 

 than 100,000 inhabitants, and in 1890 there were 



