;I:I;MANY. 





1 .1-1. -ill ; Tenth, ll;ili..vi-r; Kle\ rill h. HCSSC- 



i ; TVS. -If! h. S.-ixmiy ; Thirteenth, VYnrtem- 



Kourtfenth, linden ; Fifteenth, Alsace; 



,ih. Lorraine : Seventeenth. \\Y~t I'ru-.-ia : 



ami tin- Kir-i ami Second Bavarian corps. In 



addition, I lien- aiv tin- I'm lan con.- .if the. 



Is ami the He ian division, which is I" be 



Aliened to form tin- Twenl y-lirst Corps in 



: \\ar. Tin- Bavarian troops, and in a le 



iho-c of Wi'irteniberg and Saxony, have 



an imtrprinlrnt administration, which is more 



! ilian real, 1'or the Kaiser appoints all 



superior officer- ami exercises a sufficient de- 



{ siipen ision to secure cohesion and effi- 

 ciency. 



The strength of the standing army in 1890 was 



>ws: 171 regiments of infantry, with 10.- 

 -Jl-J officer- and 810,069 men: 2\ battalions of 

 rille-. with tin officers and 11.7s.") men; 277 

 Landwehr district commands, with 462 officers 

 and -l.sii-j men. and 2,174 surgeons, instructors, 

 etc. : making the total infantry force 11,320 offi- 

 cer- and li'js.sjio men: !:{ regiments of cavalry, 

 with 2.:!.~)l officers and 64,lfi2 men, besides 848 

 ollicers and men detailed for special cavalry serv- 



; .' regiments of field artillery, with 2,014 

 ollicers and 40.1(28 men, besides 613 officers and 

 men in special services; 14 regiments and 3 bat- 

 talions of foot artillery, with 728 officers and 

 17. >;. Id-sides !7 men. including officers, on 

 special service: 19 battalions of pioneers and 2 

 regiments of railroad troops, including 1 balloon 

 detachment, 1 railroad battalion, and 2 railroad 

 companies, numhvring in all 56'4 officers and 

 men. besides 98 engaged in special serv- 

 ice-: is battalions and 1 company of train, 

 numbering 257 officers and 6.056 men. besides 

 (;:; on -pecial service; special formations having 

 :;s-j officers and 1.006 men; and 2,121 non-regi- 

 mental officers, with whom 228 men were de- 

 tailed. This makes a total of 19,737 officers and 

 472.">09 men. The number of field guns was 

 1,538. The number of horses was 62,469 for the 

 cavalry, 22,443 for the field artillery. 3,360 for 

 the train, and 30 for the fortress artillery, or 

 88,302 altogether. Under the law creating two 

 new army corps the peace effective was during 

 the same year increased to 20,285 officers and 

 lsr,.'.i*:: men. including 58,369 non-commissioned 

 officers, and the number of horses to 93,650. 

 Each army corps consists of 2 divisions of infantry, 

 to each of which are attached 1 regiment of cav- 

 alry. 1 section or 3 batteries, each of 6 pieces, of 

 mounted artillery, and 1 or 2 companies of pion- 

 eer- : 1 cavalry division of 4 regiments, with 2 

 batteries of horse artillery; the corps artillery 

 consisting usually of 12 mounted batteries; and 

 1 or 2 battalions of pioneers and 1 battalion of 

 train. The line battalion, which consists ordi- 

 narily in peace of 544 men, is raised to 1,002 men 

 in war. The war strength of the German army 

 is roughly est imated at 36.000 officers, and 2.3.")7.'- 

 500 soldiers who have received military instruc- 

 tion, exclusive of the Landsturm. This sum is 

 arrived at by deducting 10 per cent, from the 

 recruiting lists of the active army and its re- 

 serve, 20 per cent, from those of the first ban of 

 the Landwehr. and 30 percent, from those of the 

 second ban. making the active army and tv-erve- 

 l.iK^.OOO men and the Landwehr 605.500 in the 

 first and 690,000 in the second ban. A report to 



the in I el lip-nee department of the British army in 

 Me following estimate of ih.- -iM-n^ih 

 ami distribution of the entire army \sln n niobil- 

 i/.ed for \\iir. exclusive of surgeons and other 

 non-combatants : Active field arinv. 22.I577 olli- 

 rank and file, with 2.0'JS field 

 gun- and v!HO,472 hoi .lie, r- 



nnd ::.YJ.!M5 rank and lile, with 64M gnus and 

 72,968 bones ; garrison tro 8 '"ilieer-and 

 K6s,f)27 rank and lile. with HH2 field guns ami 

 si!.::-. 1 1 hor.-es. Thcp-and total i- -ts.| ', officer-. 

 2,!i;.V..-.0 trained soldier-. 7.C02 -ui-en, is UM;,7 

 other officials, 43SI.7.V.) horses, 8,558 field guns, 

 and ~>s.7l<; other carriages. This does not in- 

 clude the railroad troop- and other special serv- 

 ices nor the Landsturm. The latter, which is 

 available in case of invasion only, is estimated at 

 700,000 effective troops. 



The German service rifle is a multiple-loader 

 rather than a maga/ine weapon, and can not be 

 used as a single loader. The charge of five car- 

 tridges is contained in a metal case, and the 

 breech block must be worked to bring each 

 cartridge into place. The arrangement of the 

 Prussian cartridge pouch enables the soldier to 

 fire a greater number of rounds to the minute 

 with the new Mauser rifle than with any of the 

 magazine rifles proper, and without the disad- 

 vantages of the latter, such as an empty maga- 

 zine at a critical moment. The soldier carries 

 150 rounds in his three pouches, and can stow 

 more in his haversack and pockets. Count 

 Waldersee, on resigning his post as chief of the 

 general staff in the beginning of February, 

 1891, was succeeded by Lieut.-Gen. Count Alfred 

 Schlieffen, who had been since 1889 quartermas- 

 ter-general of the army. 



The Nary. The effective war navy in 1890 

 comprised 12 ironclad battle ships, with 145 

 guns ; 15 coast-defense ironclads, carrying 20 

 guns, inclusive of the " Bremse " and " Brum- 

 mer," which have deck armor only ; 8 frigate 

 cruisers, carrying 116 guns; 10 corvette cruis- 

 ers, carrying 116 guns ; 4 smaller cruisers, carry- 

 ing 26 guns; 3 gunboats, carrying 12 guns; 7 

 avisos, carrying 18 guns ; 10 school ships, with 

 72 guns; and 9 vessels for various purpo-e-. 

 carrying 8 guns. The " Kaiser" and " Deutseh- 

 land," with 10 inches of side armor, armed with 

 eight 23-ton guns; the " Konig Wilhelm." with 

 12 inches of armor at the water line ; " Fried rich 

 der Grosse " and " Preussen," sister ships with 9 

 inches of armor : " Sachsen," " Bayern," " Wttr- 

 temberg," and " Baden," having iO-mch plates 

 and eight 19-ton guns each; and the lighter 

 "Oldenberg," carrying 2 more guns, are the 

 principal sea-going armor-clads. The coast-de- 

 ten-e i;un \e-els are all of one type, having 8 

 inches of armor, a displacement 01 1,109 tons, 

 and one :i(!-ton gun, except one old ironclad 

 releu'.-'ted to this service, and the "Siegfried," 

 launched in 1889. which has 3.600 tons' dis- 

 placement and powerful engines, and the deck- 

 protected cruisers mentioned above, both armed 

 with a single 12^-ton gun. The deck-armored 

 " Irene" and " Prin/.fssin Wilhelm," launched in 

 1887, are fast commerce destroyers of 4,400 tons 

 displacement, having engines of 8,000 horse-pow- 

 er, and aimed with fourteen 6-ton guns. Nearly 

 all the vessels of the fleet are provided with tor- 

 pedo-launching apparatus. The torpedo flotilla 



