<i HUM A NY. 



329 



opinion of Gen. von Caprivi prevailed over that 

 Miquel in a Cabinet c(.uin-il at which n 

 ided to ivtain tin- iluly '>n wheat. On 

 : tlu> (ii-niiaii (I-. \ernincnt raised tin- em- 

 .'ii American pork thai hail been inain- 

 laincil sine,- ISM, ostensibly as a veterinary pre- 

 caution, Imt in reality as a protectionist measure. 



declared that the new law of inspect inn 

 paused by the American Congress was sullicieiit 



love tlic danger t> t lie (iennan people from 

 the coiiMimption of diseased American pork. An 



aeiit to abolish the restriction and also to 

 admit American agricultural produce on the 

 same terms as Kalian farm produce was signed 

 by the (ierman Representative ut Washington in 



i>t. 



Socialist Congress. The assembling of a 

 party convention of the Social Democrats was 

 preceded by a serious contest between the sec- 

 tion headed by Wildbcrgcr and Werner and the 

 Parliamentary leaders, Bebel, Liebknecht, and 

 Vollmar, wlio' maintained tlicir intluence over 

 tlie bulk of the party, from which the, extremist 

 faction seceded. The Congress met at Erfurt 

 and separated on Oct. 21. after adopting a new 

 party programme, of \\lia-\i the following are the 

 principle features : 



1. Universal putl'rage. without distinction of sex, 

 for all subjects of the Kmpiru over twenty years of 

 age ; direct election by the people by secret ballot, the 

 principle of "one man one vote," and biennial parlia- 

 ments. 



2. The direct participation of the people in legisla- 

 tion, with the riiriit to initiato or reject laws, and the 

 annual revision of the scale of taxation. 



8. A wide extcntion of the principle of local gov- 

 ernment, and the election ot all public officials by 

 the people, to whom such officials are to be held re- 

 sponsible. 



4. The training of the people in arms, so as to form 

 a national defence to take the place of a standing 

 army. 



5. The decision of peace or war to rest with the 

 elected representatives of the people; international 

 disputes to be decided by arbitration. 



6. The repeal of all laws prohibiting or restricting 

 free expression of opinion, or the right of ossociat ion 

 or of public meeting. 



7. Keligion to be a matter of private opinion, and 

 all pavment of public funds for confessional or relig- 

 ious objects to cease ; ecclesiastical or religious com- 

 munities to be considered private associations, which 

 manage their own affairs. 



8. The secularization of the national schools, attend- 

 ance at which is to be compulsory for every one ; free 

 education, free hooks, and free dinners for children 

 attending the public schools, as well as for those 

 pupils of either sex who, by their general capacity, 

 are considered tit ttf pursue their studies at the higher 

 educational establishments. 



9. Free administration of justice and free legal ad- 

 vice; judges to be elected by the people. 



10. The abolition of capital punishment, the estab- 

 lishment of criminal courts of appeal, and the pay- 

 ment of compensation to persons unjustly accused, ar- 

 rested, or condemned. 



11. Free medical assistance, including attendance 

 at childbirth, free medicine, and free disposal of the 

 dead. 



I-.'. A graduated income and property tax to defray 

 the public expenditure, so far as it is to be met by 

 taxation; the obligation f self assessment; the suc- 

 cession duty to be tixed on a sliding scale, according 

 to the amount of the inheritance and the degree of 



relationship between the legatee and the testator. 



13. The abolition of indirect, taxation and duties, 

 and of such politico-economic measures as subordi- 



nate the trem-ml weal to the intcrwU of* privileged 



mill' : 



1 1. AM etlieieiit national and international legisla- 

 tion f..r the protection of the working clomM.it, the tuk- 

 iitir over by the *tt of all workmen's in-uruMce 

 iijiciicies, thl- workmen to be givi-ii an adequate nhure 

 in their administration. 



!.". An unbroken period of rest of at leant thirty - 

 MX hours in each week I-T every working man. 



Colonies. The colonial empire, acquired 

 since 18H4, has a total area of 988,150 wjuare 

 miles, with u population estimated at 5,600,000. 

 The German possessions in Africa araTogoland. 

 Cam-Toons, I himaralaiid, and Namaijiialand, and 

 (iennan Mast Africa, having an aggregate area 

 of 888,000 square miks and 5,110,000 inhabitants. 

 In the Pacific Ocean were occupied in 1*N5 and 

 the following vcar Kaiser Wilhcim's Land, the 

 r>isimtrck Archipelago, and the Solomon and 

 Marshall groups, having a combimd area of 

 100,150 square miles and about 390,000 inhabit- 

 ants. 



Togolnnd, with Little Popo and Porto Seguro, 

 covers about 16,000 square miles on the Slave 

 Coast of Guinea, and contains 500,000 inhabit- 

 ants. The forest products of caoutchouc -and 

 dye woods are not utilized, and the only com- 

 merce yet developed is in ivory and palm oil. 

 The Imperial Commissioner maintains order by 

 means of a small native police force. The re- 

 ceipts from customs in 1890 were 91,270 marks. 

 Cameroons has an extent of about 180,000 square 

 miles and a population of 2,600,000. The num- 

 ber of white residents in 1890 was 105, of whom 

 <M were Germans. Numerous factories trade 

 in ivory and palm oil, and the Deutsche Plan- 

 tngen-Gesellscnaf t raises tobacco and cacao. The 

 customs receipts in 1890 were 200,526 marks. 

 The Governor is assisted by a chancellor and two 

 secretaries. The post was filled in 1890 by Baron 

 von Soden.. Count Pfeil acted as judicial officer. 

 (For details of Southwest Africa see under CAPE 

 ( i >\.' .NY). The German estimate of the territories 

 in Mast Africa is 370,000 square miles. For six 

 months ending in February, 1890 the imports 

 amounted to 1,996,221 marks, which was nearly 

 three times as much as for the corresponding 

 period of the preceding year, and the exports 

 were valued at 2,050,552 'marks, an increase of 

 about one third. Gen. von Soden's staff of offi- 

 cers were actively engaged in 1891 in extending 

 German authority in the interior toward the 

 northeast, while Lieut. Morgen undertook an 

 expedition to the sources of the Binue and Dr. 

 Xintu'raff attempted to establish a base of opera- 

 tions in the Bali country in the direction of 

 Adamawa. Dr. Zintgraff 's expedition established 

 friendly relations with the Balis, with whom he 

 made an alliance to punish the Hafutis, who had 

 murdered his messengers. With 5.000 Bali 

 warriors and his own force of 500 natives he 

 captured and burned the chief town of the Ba- 

 ful is on Jan. 81, 1891. On the next day he was 

 attacked by 10,000 men, and after a desperate 

 fight his army was defeated, the Balis losing 500 

 men and tlie'ticrimin expedition 500. including 

 Lieut, von Spangenburg. the military command- 

 er, and two other Germans who represented the 

 trading company. An expedition was sent out 

 to avenge this repulse, which met with disaster 

 likewise, all the white leaders being killed and 

 the remnant of their followers scattered. Tho 



