366 



ILLINOIS. 



INDIA. 



proceedings are taken to seize said land in behalf of 

 the State. Deeds, encumbrances, or decrees hereto- 

 fore made in favor of any citizen of the United States 

 are legalized. 



Limiting the amount of land that may be held by 

 cemetery associations to twenty acres. 



Ecquiring annual reports to the State Auditor of 

 the condition of each building, loan, and homestead 

 association, and providing for investigation into their 

 aifairs. 



To punish persons unlawfully wearing the badge 

 or emblems of the Grand Army* of the Republic. 



To punish bailees who fraudulently convert prop- 

 erty to their own use. 



Repealing the act of 1887 further defining con- 

 spiracy. 



Providing a penalty for docking the tails of horses. 



To punish persons selling, giving, or furnishing in- 

 toxicating liquor to minors without the written con- 

 sent of parent or guardian or to drunkards. 



To prevent oppressive garnishment and the trans- 

 ferring of claims for the purpose of depriving debtors 

 of their exemption rights. 



To prohibit foreign insurance companies from doing 

 business in the State unless possessed of a cash sur- 

 plus of $200,000. 



To prohibit discrimination by life-insurance com- 

 panies between insurants of the same class and equal 

 expectation of life, in rates, premiums, rebates, divi- 

 dends, and other benefits. 



To establish the validity of marriages wherein one 

 or both of the parties were slaves at the time of mar- 

 riao-e, and to establish the legitimacy of their off- 

 spring as to the right to inherit property. 



Making the first Monday in beptember, to be 

 known as Labor Day, and the twelfth day of Febru- 

 ary (Abraham Lincoln's birthday) legal holidays. 



To authorize the corporate authorities of towns to 

 issue bonds for the completion and improvement of 

 public parks and boulevards, and to provide a tax for 

 the payment of the same. 



To give cities, incorporated towns, townships, and 

 districts in which free schools are now managed 

 under special acts authority to elect boards of educa- 

 tion having the same powers as boards of education 

 elected under the general free-school laws. 



Assenting to the act of Congress appropriating a 

 portion of the proceeds of public-land sales to the en- 

 dowment and support of colleges of agriculture and 

 the mechanic arts in the several States ; and designat- 

 ing the University of Illinois as the Illinois bene- 

 ficiary under that act. 



Fixing the weight of a bushel of sweet potatoes at 

 fifty pounds. 



Declaring that United States Senators ought to be 

 elected by a direct vote of the people. 



Coal. The State contains much the larger 

 portion of what is known as the Central Coal 

 Field, covering about 37,000 square miles and 

 underlying 60 counties, in 45 of which opera- 

 tions are conducted on a commercial scale. The 

 Illinois field contains 15 distinct seams. Those 

 which are available for commercial mining gen- 

 erally lie at considerable depth. Coke is manu- 

 factured to a limited extent in Gallatin and La 

 Salle Counties, but elsewhere in the State the 

 coal does not yield a marketable coke. The sta- 

 tistics of coal production for the year ending 

 July 1, 1890, are summarized as follow: Num- 

 ber of counties in which coal has been mined, 57 ; 

 mines and openings of all kinds, 936 ; tons (2,000 

 pounds) of lump coal mined, 12,638,365 ; em- 

 ployes of all kinds, 28,574; value of product, 

 $12,88^,936. The aggregate output for the year 

 is 1.040,401 tons greater than for the year pre- 

 ceding, and the average value per ton at the 

 mines has declined from $1.07 to $1.02; the 



average price of mining for the State at large 

 has also declined from 73 cents to 68 cents a ton. 

 The number of employes of all kinds is smaller 

 than that reported for the preceding year, but 

 there has been an increase of 31 in the number 

 of machines used, and of half a million tons, or 

 23 per cent., in the amount cut by machines. 



State Banks. On June 1 of this year there 

 were 68 banks doing business under the State 

 banking law. On that day the aggregate amount 

 of capital stock and surplus fund of these banks 

 was $17,291,279.68; the aggregate of loans and 

 discounts. $55,315,470.40 ; of cash and reserve, 

 $18,191,842.45; of individual profits, $2,131,- 

 224.39; of deposits, $61,547,888.93; and of total 

 resources, $81,286,740.98. 



Mortgage Debt. According to the Federal 

 Census, the real-estate mortgage dibt of the 

 State in force Jan. 1, 1890, was $384,299,260, of 

 which 43'01 per cent, was on acre tracts, and 

 56-99 per cent, on village and city lots. The 

 debt of Cook County was $191,518,209, of which 

 $14,065,305 was on acre tracts and $177,452,904 

 on lots. The per capita debt of Illinois is $100. 



INDIA, an empire in Asia, subject to Great 

 Britain. Besides British India proper, large 

 territories ruled by native princes have been 

 brought under the suzerainty and control of the 

 Indian Government, which derives its powers 

 from the Parliament of Great Britain. By the 

 act of 1858 for the better government of India 

 the powers and functions of the Board of Con- 

 trol of the East India Company were transferred 

 to the Secretary of State for India. The execu- 

 tive authority in India is exercised by a Gover- 

 nor-General, often called the Viceroy. Laws 

 and regulations are prepared by the Council of 

 the Governor-General, containing five ordinary 

 members, who preside over the Departments of 

 Finance, the Interior, Revenue and Agriculture, 

 Legislation, and Military Administration. The 

 Governor-General has personal charge usually of 

 the Department of Foreign Affairs, and that of 

 Public Works may be represented in the Council 

 at the option of the Government. The com- 

 mander-in-chief is almost invariably asked to 

 assist as an extraordinary member, and when the 

 Council sits in Madras or Bombay the Governor 

 of the presidency takes part as an extraordinary 

 member. For legislative purposes the Council 

 is augmented, six to twelve additional members 

 being appointed by the Governor-General. The 

 Secretary of State is assisted in conducting busi- 

 ness in Great Britain connected with the Govern- 

 ment of India by a council of not fewer than ten 

 members. The Governors of Madras and Bom- 

 bay have each a separate army and civil service 

 and a Legislative Council, and the Lieutenant- 

 Governors of Bengal and the Northwest Prov- 

 inces have legislative councils. 



Area and Population. The area of the ter- 

 ritory under direct British administration is 

 1,064", 720 square miles, containing in 1891 a popu- 

 lation of about 220,000,000, an increase of 21,000,- 

 000 since the last previous census taken in 1881, 

 which showed an advance of only 7,000,000 in 

 the" preceding decade. The difference in the 

 rate of increase is due partly to annexations, the 

 area taken account of in 1881 having been 868,- 

 314 square miles. The annexed province of 

 Upper Burmah has a population of over 2,500,- 



