394 



JEWS. 



6. Provision for instruction in agricultural work 

 and improved methods of farming, and for aiding 

 settlers with tools, and implements and the practical 

 supervision of such instruction, conducted upon suit- 

 able tracts of land and in necessary buildings. 



7. Co-operation with established agencies in va- 

 rious sections of the United States, whose duty it shall 

 be in whole or in part to furnish aid or relief and 

 education to needy and deserving applicants coming 

 within the classes designated herein. 



8. Contributions toward the maintenance of indi- 

 viduals and families, selected by such corporation 

 or corporations, while temporarily awaiting work or 

 when settled in the new homes in which they may 

 be established. 



9. Such other and further modes of relief and such 

 other and further contributions to education and in 

 such departments of knowledge as the said trustees or 

 their successors or said corporations shall from time 

 to time decide. 



In conformity with the provision of the deed, 

 which authorizes the capital of $2,400,000 to be 

 expended for "acquiring and improving land, 

 allotting farm holdings, erecting and maintain- 

 ing dwellings for the occupancy of families of 

 Hebrew emigrants from Russia and Roumania, 

 erecting and maintaining schools and other 

 necessary buildings for the promotion of educa 

 tion and for manual and agricultural training," 

 a large number of farmers have been aided in 

 New England, Kansas, New Jersey, and else- 

 where with loans bearing interest at 5 per cent. 

 Dairy and truck farms have proved, most suc- 

 cessful, while small fruit and berries have been 

 cultivated profitably. An agricultural settle- 

 ment has been formed at Woodbine, N. J., near 

 extensive factories not far from Cape May and 

 Philadelphia. Similar colonies are projected in 

 Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Texas, and New Mex- 

 ico. In addition, classes are conducted in man- 

 ual training in connection with the Hebrew 

 Technical Institute of New York, and a school 

 for young and old immigrants established, pre- 

 paring them for the public schools, while trans- 

 portation is furnished to emigrants who leave 

 the crowded seaboard cities for the interior. 



Almost simultaneously with the help given 

 for American colonization. Baron de Hirsch 

 launched his plan for carrying out the emigra- 

 tion of Jews from Russia. On Sept. 10, the 

 Jewish Colonization Association was formed in 

 London. The trust fund of 2,000,000 is di- 

 vided into 20,000 shares of 100 each, of which 

 Baron de Hirsch has taken 19,990. Among the 

 objects for which the company is established 

 are: 



To assist and promote the emigration of Jews from 

 any parts of Europe or Asia, and principally from 

 countries in which they may for the time being be 

 subjected to any special taxes or political or other 

 disabilities, to any other parts of the world, and to 

 form and establish colonies in various parts of North 

 and South America and other countries for agricult- 

 ural, commercial, and other purposes. 



To purchase and acquire any territories, lands, or 

 other property, or interests in or rights over territo- 

 ries, lands, or other property, in any parts of the > 

 world. 



To establish commercial, agricultural, and other 

 settlements in any 'territories or lands so acquired, 

 except Europe, and'xto develop them by clearing, 

 draining, fencing, etc.\ 



To construct and maintain roads, tramways, rail- 

 ways, bridges, harbors} N reservoirs, water courses, 

 wharves, embankments, fortifications, telegraphs, 



telephones, mills, factories, stores, synagogues, and 

 places of recreation. 



To establish emigration agencies in Europe, Asia, 

 and other parts of the world, and to construct, hire, 

 and equip vessels for the transport of the colonists. 



To make or procure grants of land, concessions of 

 mining and other rights, or other privileges to the 

 colonists. 



In close relation to Baron de Hirsch's plans 

 was the visit of Arnold White to Russia during 

 the year, whose report confirmed the published 

 statements as to the wretched condition of the 

 Jews. In particular he referred to the strong 

 physique of the Jews engaged in agriculture, 

 while he deplored the weak constitutions of 

 town residents, due to the overcrowding, hard 

 labor, and excessive poverty. He wrote also 

 that the lamentable condition of the children, 

 if known to the Czar, would bring about a soft- 

 ening of the laws against the Jews. Later in 

 the year Harold Frederic spent several months 

 in Russia, and his indictments of the Russian 

 Government appeared in the " New York Times." 

 Meanwhile the active work of distributing the 

 Russian exiles has begun, and agencies are estab- 

 lished in the chief European seaports. The ap- 

 peal of the English committee resulted in the 

 receipt of $80,000 to Jan. 1, 1892, many Chris- 

 tians being among the donors^ The first colony 

 of 156 immigrants has been sent to the Argen- 

 tine Republic, where Baron de Hirsch has bought 

 700,000 acres, while Dr. Friedman has under- 

 taken an expedition tcr Midian to examine its 

 fitness for the exiles. Turkey, while friendly, 

 will not permit any emigration en masse in 

 Palestine. The highest circles in Berlin, Vienna, 

 and Amsterdam unite in raising funds for the 

 refugees, to transport them to more hospitable 

 climes. 



Among events of special interest was the ap- 

 pointment of Luigi Luzzatti as minister of the 

 Italian treasury; the election of John Philippson 

 as member of the Swedish Upper House of Parlia- 

 ment ; the appointment of Signor Malvano as 

 Secretary-general of the Italian Ministry of For- 

 eign Affairs ; the election of A. F. K. Hartogh 

 and J. A. Levy as members of the Dutch Parlia- 

 ment ; the appointment of Ney Elias as British 

 consul-general in Persia : the election to the Aus- 

 trian Reichsrath of Freiherr von Oppenheim and 

 Leopold Polak. In Australia, Hon. Julien E. 

 Salomons was knighted and appointed member 

 of Privy Council of South Australia ; J. Sternberg 

 elected member of Legislative Council of Vic- 

 toria ; and S. S. Myers, Mayor of North Dunedin, 

 New Zealand. In England, Sidney Stern was 

 elected member of Parliament for Stowmarket, 

 and H. S. Leon for Northern Bucks, while Gus- 

 tavus Nathan was knighted. On June 23 Rev. 

 Dr. H. Adler was installed chief rabbi of the 

 Jews of Great Britain, and on March 26 M. 

 Dreyfous was elected chief rabbi of Paris. The 

 centenary of Jewish emancipation in France \va* 

 celebrated on Sept. 27. Cardinal Manning was 

 presented with an address from the Jews of Eng- 

 land on the occasion of the jubilee of his ordina- 

 tion. 



The record for the year in the United States 

 is largely a chronicle of events connected with 

 the Russian refugees, who have arrived at the 

 rate of 8,000 a month. To develop the work of 



