400 



KANSAS. 



it had been well provisioned, was ridiculously in- 

 adequate to such a task, and Johnston had the 

 greatest difficulty in procuring supplies. He 

 proposed that Gen. Lee retreat with the Army of 

 Northern Virginia into North Carolina and join 

 forces with him, that they might together fall 

 upon Sherman and crush him ; but Lee answered 

 that he could not leave Virginia. A few thou- 

 sand additional troops were sent to Johnston from 

 the West, and Hampton's cavalry came to him 

 from Virginia. At Averysborough, 35 miles south 

 of Raleigh, on Cape Fear river, March 16, a large 

 part of Johnston's forces intrenched themselves 

 in a line across the path of Sherman's left col- 

 umn, which was marching northward. A direct 

 attack on the works was unsuccessful, and Kil- 

 patrick's cavalry was roughly handled by a di- 

 vision of Confederate infantry. Then the flank 

 was turned, and the Confederates retreated. Each 

 side had lost about 500 men. They went to 

 Bentonville, 20 miles east of Averysborough and 

 about the same distance west of Goldsborough, to- 

 ward which Sherman's columns were converg- 

 ing, and at Bentonville Johnston concentrated 

 his whole force and intrenched again across the 

 path of the left column. This time he com- 

 manded in person, and he had a very strong po- 

 sition, with black-jack thickets protecting nis 

 flanks. But Slocum's corps attacked vigorously 

 as soon as they came within sight of the enemy, 

 drove back the Confederate right .flank, and 

 planted batteries that commanded that part of 

 the field. On the Confederate left the natural ob- 

 structions were greater and the fighting was more 

 obstinate, but after nightfall Johnston retreated 

 toward Raleigh and left Sherman's way open to 

 Goldsborough. In this last action (March 19) 

 fought by the forces of either Sherman or John- 

 ston, the National loss was 1.600, the Confederate 

 2,300. Sherman's army rested for a time at Golds- 

 borough, while Johnston's remained at Raleigh. 

 Here Mr. Davis and his Cabinet, driven out of 

 Richmond, passed him on their way southward, 

 and Johnston tried in vain to convince Davis of 

 the hopeless condition of their cause, and to induce 

 him to end the war at once by some sort of negoti- 

 ation for peace. He continued his flight, and ord- 

 ered Gen. Johnston to obtain from a treasury 

 agent $39.000 in silver and send it after him ; in- 



stead of which, Johnston divided the money 

 among his officers and men, all sharing alike. 

 When Sherman resumed his march, Lee's army 

 had surrendered, and on Aprjl 13 Johnston sent 

 him a letter (which had been dictated by Davis. 

 but was signed by Johnston), proposing an armis- 

 tice and a meeting to arrange terms of peace;. To 

 this Gen. Sherman agreed, and the two command- 

 ers met on the 17th at Durham's Station. Sherman 

 at first proposed the same terms that had been 

 given by Grant to Lee, but Johnston rejected 

 this, on the ground that his army was in no such 

 straits as Lee's. He proposed instead that they 

 arrange terms of permanent peace, and they 

 drew up and signed a memorandum of agree- 

 ment, which provided not only for the disband- 

 ment of the Confederate armies but for a general 

 amnesty and the immediate reinstatement of the 

 State governments at the South. This was re- 

 jected by the United States Government, as 

 transcending the authority of a military com- 

 mander in the field. On the 26th the two com- 

 manders signed a simple military agreement, by 

 the terms of which Johnston's army was surren- 

 dered on the same terms as Lee's. In his " Nar- 

 rative." Gen. Johnston argues that the failure to 

 establish the Confederacy resulted not from lack 

 of men or of devotion to the cause, but simply 

 from the faulty financial policy of its Govern- 

 ment, which neglected the opportunity, at the 

 beginning, to send to Europe the whole of the 

 great cotton crop of 1860 and buy at once a 

 plentiful supply of arms and equipments, but, 

 instead, flooded the country with a worthless 

 paper currency. 



After the war, he was successively president of 

 a railroad company in Arkansas, president of an 

 express company in Virginia, and an insurance 

 agent in Savannah, and in 1877 he was elected 

 to Congress from the Richmond, Va., district. 

 President Cleveland appointed him Commis- 

 sioner of Railroads of the United States, lie 

 was a pall -bearer at Gen. Sherman's funeral 

 about a month before his death. His wife, a 

 daughter of Hon. Louis McLane, died in 1886. 

 They had no children. Gen. Johnston's only 

 publication was his " Narrative of Military Oper- 

 ations during the Late War between the States " 

 (New York, 1874). 



K 



KANSAS, a Western State, admitted to the 

 Union Jan. 29, 1861 ; area, 82,080 square miles. 

 The population, according to each decennial 

 census, was 107,206 in 1860; 364,399 in 1870; 

 996,096 in 1880; and 1,427,096 in 1890. Capital, 

 Topeka. 



Government. The following were the State 

 officers during the year : Governor, Lyman U. 

 Humphrey, Republican ; Lieutenant-Governor, 

 Andrew J. Felt; Secretary of State, William 

 lliggins; Auditor, Charles M. Hovey; Treas- 

 urer, S. G. Stover; Attorney-General, John N. 

 Ives; Superintendent of Public Instruction,. 

 George W. Winans; Superintendent of Insurance, 

 Daniel W. Wilder, succeeded by William H. 



McBride ; Railroad Commissioners, George T. 

 Anthony, A. R. Greene, and James Humphrey, 

 succeeded on April 1 by William M. Mitchell ; 

 Chief -Justice of the Supreme Court, Albert H. 

 Horton ; Associate Justices, William A. John- 

 ston and Daniel M. Valentine ; Supreme Court 

 Commissioners, Benjamin F. Simpson, J. C. 

 3trang, and George S. Green. Attorney-Gen- 

 eral Ives was elected on the Democratic and 

 Farmers' Alliance tickets : the other elective 

 State officers are Republicans. 



Population by Races. The following table 

 shows the white and colored population of the 

 State in 1880 and 1890, as reported by the Fed- 

 eral census : 





