420 



LITERATURE, AMERICAN, IN 1891. 



Walker, at Washington, D. C., before the Asso- 

 ciation, Dec. 26, 1890. "The Riddle of the 

 Sphinx," by N. B. Ashby, was a discussion of va- 

 rious economic questions, and " Food and Feed- 

 ing considered as a Factor in making the Rates 

 of Wages or Earnings" formed the substance 

 of an address by Edward Atkinson to the Cot- 

 ton Manufacturers' Association, April 26, 1891. 

 " Which ? Protection, Free Trade, or Revenue 

 Reform ? " consisted of the best articles of the 

 most eminent political economists and statesmen 

 on these subjects, edited by H. W. Furber, and 

 another volume of the same character was '^Both 

 Sides of the Tariff Question by the World's Lead- 

 ing Men." "Protective Philosophy," by D. H. 

 Rice, discussed the principles of the protective 

 system as embodied in the McKinley bill, and 

 John D. Goss wrote " The History of Tariff Ad- 

 ministration in the United States from Colonial 

 Times to the McKinley Administrative Bill." 

 William Draper Lewis, in the " University of 

 Pennsylvania Series of Political Economy and 

 Public Law," considered " Our Sheep and the 

 Tariff," and Porter Sherman sent out " A Tariff 

 Primer." " The Corporation Problem " disturbed 

 William W. Cook as to the public phases, uses, 

 abuses, benefit, dangers, wealth, and power of 

 corporations, as well as the industrial, economic, 

 and political questions to which they have given 

 rise ; and A. B. Stickney discussed " The Rail- 

 way Problem." Achille Loria submitted to the 

 American Academy of Political and Social Sci- 

 ence a paper entitled " Economics in Italy," and 

 " How to Co-operate " was explained by Herbert 

 Myrick. " Economic and Industrial Delusions " 

 was a discussion of the case for protection by 

 Arthur B. and Henry Farquhar. " Radical 

 Wrongs in the Precepts and Practices of Civil- 

 ized Man," by J. Wilson, opens, not inaptly, an- 

 other class of works, among which are : " The 

 Condition of Labor," an open letter to Pope Leo 

 XIII by Henry George, with the "Encyclical 

 Letter " of that prelate ; " White Slaves ; or the 

 Oppression of the Worthy Poor," by Lewis Al- 

 bert Banks, and " Thirty Years of Labor," a 

 history of the organization of working men by 

 T. V. Powderly. " Recent Development of Amer- 

 ican Industries," by the Class of '91, initiated 

 Vol. I of " Wharton School Studies in Politics and 

 Economics of the University of Pennsylvania." 

 " Public Lands and Agrarian Laws of the Ro- 

 man Republic " were treated by Andrew Stephen- 

 son in the " Johns Hopkins University Studies," 

 and in publications of the American Economic 

 Association appeared " Government Forestry 

 Abroad," by Gifford Pinchot ; " The Present Con- 

 dition of the Forests on the Public Lands," by E. 

 A. Bowers ; and " Practicability of an American 

 Forest Administration," by B. E. Fernow. " The 

 Farmer's Side : his Troubles and their Reme- 

 dy," by Hon. W. A- Peffer, United States Senator 

 from Kansas, gives an authoritative presentation 

 of the aims and views of the Farmers' Alliance, 

 and, in line with the same, John N. Cunning- 

 ham proposes " The New Constitution : how the* 

 Farmer may pay off his Mortgage, and the 

 Working Man become his own Master." Mar- 

 shall M. Kirkman contributed a monograph on 

 " Railway Rates and Government Control," and 

 Edward W. Bemis wrote on " Municipal Owner- 

 ship of Gas in the United States." " The Char- 



acter and Influence of the Indian Trade in Wis- 

 consin " was discussed by Frederick J. Turner. In 

 the " Questions of the Day Series " " Parties and 

 Patronage in the United States," by Lyon Gardi- 

 ner Tylor, traced the "spoils system" back to 

 the organization of the National Government in 

 1789-1801 ; " Congress and Cabinet," by Gama- 

 liel Bradford, discussed the advisability of giv- 

 ing the heads of executive departments seats in . 

 the national Legislature ; while John S. Billings., 

 M. D., delivered an address before the American 

 Academy of Political and Social Science at the 

 Art Club, Philadelphia, Jan. 14, 1891, on " Pub- 

 lic Health and Municipal Government." " Africa 

 and America " was the title of addresses and dis- 

 courses by Rev. Alexander Crummell, rector of 

 St. Luke's Church, Washington, D. C., an African, 

 on subjects connected with his race, and from 

 W. Cabell Bruce came a consideration of " The 

 Negro Problem," which offered no solution. 

 Henry D. Barrows published "International 

 Bi-metallism. an Essay " ; W. W. Admire, a " Po- 

 litical and Legislative Hand-book of Kansas"; 

 Charles F. Dole, " The American Citizen " ; A. D. 

 Peterman, " Elements of Civil Government" ; and 

 Harriette R. Shattuck, " The Woman's Manual 

 of Parliamentary Law." George Gunton wrote 

 on " Principles of Social Economics inductively 

 considered and practically applied, with Criti- 

 cisms on Current Theories " ; Robert Archey 

 Woods, on " English Social Movements " ; Walter 

 Francis Wilcox, on " The Divorce Problem : a 

 Study in Statistics." H. S. Pomeroy asked " Is 

 Man too Prolific? the So-called Malthusian 

 Idea," and " The New School of Criminal An- 

 thropology " formed the subject of an address by 

 Robert Fletcher, M. D., before the Anthropologi- 

 cal Society of Washington. Andrew J. Palm also 

 treated "The Death Penalty," and a second 

 series of " Papers in Penology " was compiled by 

 the editor of the "Summary," Elrnira, N. Y. 

 " The Prison Question," by ' Charles H. Reeve, 

 and " The American Siberia, or Fourteen Years' 

 Experience in a Southern Convict Camp," by J. 

 C. Powell, bear further on the subject ; while of 

 special interest are the collection of papers by 

 George Kennan on " Siberia and the Exile Sys- 

 tem,' from the " Century Magazine " (with addi- 

 tions), into two superb volumes ; " Siberia and 

 the Nihilists ; why Kennan went to Siberia," by 

 William Jackson Armstrong ; and " The New 

 Era in Russia," by Charles A. de Arnaud. " The 

 Cyclopaedia of Temperance and Prohibition," a 

 volume of 670 pages, provides all possible infor- 

 mation on all phases of the drink question. 



Sports and Pastimes. " Sport : or Fish- 

 ing and Shooting," edited by A. C. Gould, and 

 illustrated from the fifteen original water colors 

 by A. B. Frost, Henry Sandham, F. H. Taylor, 

 and others, is by far the handsomest book 'fall- 

 ing under this class. " The Camp-Fires of the 

 Everglades, or Wild Sports in the South," were 

 described by C. E. Whitehead, and " The Fishes 

 of North America that are taken on Hook and 

 Line," by William C. Harris, the latter work being 

 in forty monthly parts, illustrated with colored 

 lithographs. " The Complete Angler " is a prac- 

 tical guide to bottom fishing, trolling, spinning, 

 and fly fishing, with a chapter on sea fishing. 

 Henry Austin drew up " American Game and Fish 

 Laws," and " Will Wild wood " (Fred. E. Pond) 



