LITERATURE, BRITISH, IN 1891. 



of 1815, were edited with explanatory 

 , by Maj.-tien. II. T. Siborne. Rev. !; (',,!.- 

 -t,, -hn" with an a[>- 



' 



IIi-t,,ric 



ndil of battles met many needs ; K. ( 'ar.-tairs 

 ril>cd Kritish Work in India": J. T. 

 heeler wrote -A College History of India, 

 iatic and Kuropean " ; and Archibald l-Wlics 

 It with tin- same country in "Barracks, Biv- 

 . and Matties." In the "Series of Events of 

 our Own Time " ho also depicted " The Afghan 

 isi'.i TJ. and 1878-'80. Kighl Days: 

 of the Indian Mutiny," by li. E. Forrest, 

 ihive volumes. A. II. I lowland made re- 

 flections upon "The New Kmpirc," its origin 

 an 1 constitution and its relation to the great 

 republic. A. Weir established the "Historical 

 ( Moil. Tii Europe," and R. Hassencarnp 

 rote a " History of Ireland." "South Africa 

 in Arali Domination to British Rule," by R. 

 . Murray, and Vol. II of a " History of South 

 " lea," by George McAH Theal, covering the 

 riod from 1795-1834, are cognate; " Mahdiism 

 (1 t he Egyptian Soudan " were treated by F. 

 . Win gate, and "The Caliphate, its Rise, De- 

 im>, and Fall," by Sir William Muir. For an 

 Early Grecian History " (to 495 B. c.) we are 

 debted to A. H. Allcroft and W. F. Mason; 

 r " The History of Commerce in Europe," to 

 de B. Gibbins; while "Ten Years in Upper 

 -ada, 1805-1815, being the Ridout Letters " 

 edited by Matilda Edgar. Vol. IV of Will- 

 Kingsford's " History of Canada " covered 

 years from 1756-'63. In local history we 

 a " History of Hendon," by E. F. Evans ; 

 A Short History of Clent," by John Amphlett; 

 ol. lit of "The History of Hampton Court 

 ,lace," describing Orange and Guelph times, by 

 est Law ; " London Past and Present," in 

 ree volumes, by Henry B. Wheatley, essentially 

 new work, though based on Cunningham's 

 ,nd-book of the city. Richard Watson Dixon, 

 one of the few remaining clergy of the Church 

 England who have won for themselves a rec- 

 ized place in modern literature," gave to the 

 brld Vol. IV of his " History of the Church of 

 gland from the Abolition of the Roman Juris- 

 iction " ; and Vol. IV of " The Church of Scot- 

 and," edited by Prof. Story, consisted of " The 

 Church and the Law," by Andrew Macgeorge, 

 and " The Doctrine of the Church." by Rev. Dr. 

 Milroy. A "History of the Christian Church 

 from the Earliest Times to the Death of Con- 

 stantino " was written bv F. J. Foakes-Jackson, 

 and a " History of the Church of England," for 

 schools and families, by A. H. Hore. To educa- 

 tional history belongs " Eighteen Years of Uni- 

 versity Extension," by R. D. Roberts. 



Physical, Moral, and Intellectual Science. 

 In the first division we have " The Causes of 

 an Ice Age," explored by Sir Robert Stawell 

 Ball, the initial volume of the " Modern Sci- 

 ence Series." Agnes M. Clerke set forth " The 

 Svstcm of the Stars." while "The Meteoritic 

 Hypothesis," by the able spectroscopist J. Nor- 

 man Lockyer, was a statement of the results of 

 a spcctroscopic inquiry into the origin of cosmi- 

 cal systems. Dr. William Huggins, by whom stel- 

 lar spectroscopy was, to a great extent, initiated, 

 delivered an " Address to the British Association 

 for the Advancement of Science" (of which ho is 

 president), at Cardiff, Aug. 19, 1891, devoted to 



the increase of our knowledge of the heavens in- 

 cident to the introduction ( ,f tin; j-jiectroHCOpo 

 and the modern photographic plate into the 00- 



?, and in Some other Phenomena" was 

 studied by Daniel S.Troy, and "An Introduc- 

 tion to the study of Petrology: the I- 

 Rocks," by Frederick H. Hatch, brought to- 

 gether an amount of useful information impossi- 

 ble to be obtained elsewhere in the same c. m- 

 Biss. "The Scientific Papers of James Clerk 

 axwell " were edited in two volumes, by W. D. 

 Nhen, eleven years after the death of their au- 

 thor, but proved neither less valuable nor less 

 welcome for the delay; and "Zoological Arti- 

 cles," contributed by Prof. E. Ray Lankester and 

 others to the recently completed edition of the 

 "Encyclopaedia Britannica," were collected into 

 a volume and lavishly illustrated. "Animal 

 Life and Intelligence" were studied by Prof. C. 

 Lloyd Morgan, and David Syrne wrote " On the 

 Modification of Organisms." " A Hand-book of 

 European Birds " was supplied for field natural- 

 ists and collectors by James Backhouse, Jr., and 

 Henry Seebohm attempted the " Classification of 

 Birds " in general. " The Riverside Naturalist " 

 was from the pen of E. Hamilton. "A Text- 

 book of Chemical Physiology and Pathology" 

 was written by Prof. W. D. Halliburton, a~d 

 Vol. II was issued of " A Dictionary of Applied 

 Chemistry " by T. E. Thorpe. William Jago pub- 

 lished "Inorganic Chemistry." "Color Blind- 

 ness and Color Perception " were treated by T. 

 W.. Eldridge-Green, M. D., and "The Right 

 Hand : Left-handedness " by Sir Daniel Wilson. 

 " The History of Human Marriage " was a con- 

 tribution to sociology by Edward Westermarck ; 

 Archdeacon Farrar gave himself to " Social and 

 Present-day Questions "; "Modern Humanists," 

 according to John M. Robertson in his sociolog- 

 ical essays, were Carlyle, Stuart Mill, Emerson, 

 Matthew Arnold, Ruskin, and Spencer, the au- 

 thor being himself a disciple and formerly a col- 

 league of Charles Bradlaugh ; Sidney Webb and 

 Harold Cox united on " The Eight Hours' Day " 

 question, and Mr. Webb produced, unassisted, 

 the " London Programme. Vol. II of the " La- 

 bor and Life of the People," by Charles Booth, 

 was published, with maps and appendix under a 

 separate cover ; and " The Co-operative Move- 

 ment in Great Britain "was traced bv Beatrice 

 Potter. " Social Diseases and Worse Remedies " 

 were the theme of letters written to the London 

 " Times " by Prof. T. H. Huxley on Mr. Booth's 

 scheme, and " A Plea for Liberty : an Argument 

 against Socialism and Socialistic Legislation" 

 consisted of an introduction by Herbert Spencer 

 and essays by various writers, edited by Tnomas 

 Mackay. John Rae's " Contemporary Socialism " 

 appeared in a new edition, and David Maxwell 

 wrote " Stepping Stones to Socialism." George 

 Howell described " Trade Unionism, New and 

 Old," and John A. Hobson propounded " Prob- 

 lems of Poverty." " Black America," by W. 

 Laird Clowes, was a volume of letters to the Lon- 

 don "Times" on the subject of the ex-slave and 

 his late master in the ifnited States, written in 

 1890-'91 : and Joseph Renner Maxwell studied 

 "The Negro Question," offering hints for tho 



