MANUAL TRAINING. 



483 



results. The use of carpenter's tools, carving, 



modeling, and sewing are taught. Thcr. 

 well -equipped workshop. All students take 

 ci.ur-es in slojd. and those who desire it receive 

 ,1 training. All must make for themselves 

 apparatus for illustrating physical science. The 

 children, who begin in the kindergarten, con- 

 tinue in the training of the workshop till they 

 |ea\e the school. There were aliout MX) children 

 They ha\e a molding room, drawing- 





room, workshop, and gymnasium. 



The Normal School at Willimantic has a 

 course which proceeds from and carries forward 

 the kindergarten work, hut no slojd. In all the 

 M'hools connected with State and city institutions, 

 State Keforrn School, Storr's Agricultural School 

 nt Mansfield. Industrial School at Middletown, 

 orphan asylums, and homes for the destitute, in- 

 dustrial education is carried on. 



New Haven, beginning in 1886 with a perma- 

 nent special instructor in manual training, has 

 now 10 classes, one for each grammar school, in 

 which 24 boys each have been instructed two 

 hours a week. The pupils are selected by the 

 principals in their discretion. The course is 

 systematic, and extends to a great variety of 

 practice with tools, not with the object of con- 

 structing any articles for use, though such ar- 

 ticles are often made. Drawing is studied and 

 practiced through the course. 



TheGreenwich Manual TrainingSchool, opened 

 in 1889 in connection with the public schools, 

 has lately had more than 100 pupils, about one 

 third of high-school age, the remainder of gram- 

 mar-school ages, besides a few adults, working 

 from one to two hours a week. 



In Brooklyn and Stamford studies and work 

 have been introduced to a greater or less extent, 

 and in Norwich, where a systematic course is 

 likely to be opened soon. 



District of Columbia. The public schools 

 are provided with progressive studies in manual 

 training, beginning in the kindergarten and lead- 

 ing up to the physical and chemical laboratories 

 of the high school. Boys of the seventh and 

 eighth grammar grades nave two hours a week 

 in wood and metal work, similar to that of the St. 

 Louis school. One such laboratory was opened 

 in 1886, with 1 teacher and 150 boys. There are 

 now 13 laboratories, 4 teachers, and 1,600 boys. 

 Girls have cooking and sewing. 



Florida. State and county authorities have 

 taken up the subject of manual training, and 

 already it has been successfully introduced in 

 the normal schools for white and black and in 

 the graded schools at Pensacola and Jackson- 

 ville, the latter for colored youth. In the State 

 Normal and Industrial College for colored stu- 

 dents at Tallahassee, the professor, F. C. Johnson, 

 is a graduate of the Chicago Manual Training 

 School. The course runs through several years, 

 and much attention is paid to drawing, espe- 

 cially mechanical drawing. In the Agricultural 

 and Mechanical College, at Lake City, the course 

 runs the entire four years, disciplinary and in- 

 structive, with drawing all the way. The shops 

 for work in wood and metal are well equipped 

 and supplied with hand tools; the wood shop 

 for forty students. No trades, but the principles 

 underlying all trades and handicraft, are taught, 

 and nothing is made for sale. 



Georgia. In Atlanta University a mechani- 

 cal course of three years embraces two yearn of 



I working and one uf metal working, and, 



including drawing, requires seven hour- and a 

 half a week of all \n>y* alx>\e the third grade, in 

 addition to the other studies. A brick building 

 for the department was provided by private 

 subscription, and has been well equipped and 

 supplied with tools. To those who have finishi d 

 the course and have shown ability and fitness. 

 special instruction in some of the trades is given. 



The School of Technology, at Atlanta, estab- 

 lished by the Legislature in 1888, for education 

 and training in the industrial and mechanic arts, 

 aims at placing the pupil during the course of 

 training in an environment not unlike what he 

 may find when he enters on the active duties of 

 life. But the object is educational. This is not 

 a trade school, though it teaches the manual 

 dexterity necessary in all trades, with courses in 

 the usual studies, and especially in drawing. 

 The course covers four years, and there are no 

 elective*. 



The Normal and Industrial College, at Mil- 

 ledgeville was established in 1889. The Legis- 

 lature appropriated $35,000 in money, to be paid 

 in three yearly installments, beginning in 1891. 

 and gave for the use of the college valuable 

 property in Milledgeville (22 acres), with a hand- 

 some and commodious dwelling and email 

 buildings, and gave $8,000 for the current ex- 

 penses of 1891, and has since appropriated $1,800 

 toward those of 1892. The city gave $1,000. 

 and the people of the city lent and advanced 

 $50,000 to enable the directors to push the erec- 

 tion and equipment of the necessary buildings, 

 so as to open the institution in the fall of 1891 

 with its full quota of 360 pupils. There are four 

 departments the normal, the industrial, the 

 collegiate, the domestic not constituting sepa- 

 rate schools. Industrial and free-hand drawing, 

 manual training, cooking, and dress-making are 

 taught. 



Illinois. In the article before referred to is 

 given the history of the beginnings, in 1883, of the 

 Chicago Manual Training School, founded and 

 controlled bv the Commercial Club of Chicago. 

 Under the direction of Dr. Henry II. Belfield, 

 the experiment, which graduated its first class 

 (which was in carpentry only) in 1886,soon became 

 a large and thorough-going high school upon 

 the so-called manual-training principles, with all 

 the pupils it could accommodate, and a model 

 for many schools which have been opened or are 

 about to be opened in different parts of the 

 country. The plant has been steadily increased, 

 and in 1890 the building was considerably en- 

 larged. The wood rooms accommodate 100 

 boys ; the foundry and forge rooms, 90 each ; 

 and the machine shop, 60. All are completely 

 equipped for each student. Power is supplied 

 by a Corliss engine of 52 horse-power and 2 steel 

 boilers. The drawing rooms, furnished with 

 models and casts, have tables and lockers for 

 365 boys. This is the course; 



.TIMOR YEAR. Mathtmatit* : Algebra, geometry. 

 IMIIIJUHII? : Kntrlish language and literature, or Latin. 

 I>i-<iirin<j : Free-hand, model and object, projection, 

 machine, perspective. Shop Work: Carpentry, join- 

 ery, wood turning, pattern making, care and use of 

 tools. 



