484 



MANUAL TRAINING. 



MIDDLE YEAR. Mathematics : Geometry and plain 

 trifometry. Science : Physics. Language : General 

 history and English literature or Latin. Drawing: 

 Orthographic projection and shadows, line and brush 

 shading, isometric projection and shadows, details of 

 machinery, machines from measurement. Shop Work: 

 Molding, casting, forging, welding, tempering, sold- 

 ering, brazing. 



SENIOR YEAR. Mathematics: Book-keeping, high- 

 er algebra, reviews. Science: Chemistry, physical 

 geography. Language, etc.: English literature, civil 

 government, political economy, or Latin or French. 

 U rawing : Machines from measurement, buildings 

 from measurement, architectural perspective. Ma- 

 chine Shop Work: Chipping, filing, fitting, turning, 

 drilling, planing, etc., study of machinery, manage- 

 ment and care of steam engines and boilers. Instruc 

 tion is given upon the production, properties, and uses 

 of the materials used in each year. Throughout the 

 course one hour a day is given to drawing and two 

 hours to shop work; the remainder of each school 

 day is devoted to study and recitation. 



Education, not manufacture, is the controlling 

 principle, and, notwithstanding the pi'ominence 

 given to manual work, experience shows that 



ENTRANCE OF CHICAGO MANUAL, TRAINING SCHOOL. 

 (FROM A PUPIL'S FREE-HAND SKETCH.) 



the other branches need not fall behind those of 

 the best high schools. On the recommendation 

 of the director, graduates of this school are 

 admitted without examination to many of the 

 leading polytechnic and engineering institutes of 



experiment was begun in 1886 by a manual train- 

 ing annex to the high schools, imd was made an 

 independent school in 1890. 



The Cook County Normal School, in order to 

 follow out the principles of the kindergarten in 

 all the public-school grades, has a course in 

 manual training for which there is a room fitted 

 up with the latest appliances, and which is closely 

 related to and supplemented by free-hand and 

 industrial drawing. " It is the purpose of the 

 school," says Prof. Francis W. Parker principal 

 since 1883, " to bring the members face to face 

 with the duties and responsibilities of their pro- 

 spective profession. Manual training will be- 

 come a factor in our common schools just so fast 

 as skillful teachers are trained who can do the 

 work." 



Peru introduced manual training into the pub- 

 lic school ten years ago, has lost nothing of in- 

 terest and usefulness, and there is now a settled 

 content with it as a part of the public-school 

 system. Moline and Beardstown public schools 

 have manual training of some sort. 



Iowa. In the Davenport public 

 schools the initial step to manual 

 training was taken some years ago 

 by the introduction of industrial 

 drawing. In the lower grades this 

 was supplemented by stick laying 

 and paper folding. In 1888 a well- 

 fitted cooking school was opened 

 for girls of the high school and 

 ninth grade grammar. The course 

 was of forty lessons. It was popu- 

 lar, and seemed to exert a good ef- 

 fect upon the interest in other 

 work. In 1890 another large room 

 was furnished for training boys in 

 the use of joiner's tools. Only boys 

 of fourteen years are admitted. At- 

 tendance is optional, but once be- 

 gun must be continued, except for 

 good reason shown. Two and a 

 half hours a week is the usual in- 

 struction, and the pupils must keep 

 up with their regular studies. This 

 they cheerfully do, while showing 

 great interest in the manual work. 

 The directors of the Independent 

 School District of West Des Moines, 

 in 1889, appointed a committee to 

 investigate the subject. The com- 

 mittee visited the manual training 

 schools of St Paul, Minneapolis, 

 Chicago, and Toledo, and reported 

 in favor of the adoption of the sys- 

 tem in the schools of the West City. 

 A room was at once fitted up for shop work, and 

 later another for domestic economy. Two spe- 

 cial teachers were engaged at the outset. The 

 course is to some extent a combination of man- 

 ual training with industrial and technical edu- 



this and other States. In September, 1890, 155 cation. It is carried through four years, and 



juniors were admitted, and in 1891, 130. 

 pay school. 



It is a there is drawing, free-hand and mechanical, all 

 through. The pupils have begun with kinder- 



The Chicago English High and Manual Train- garten in the primary schools, 



ing School was opened by the Board of Educa- The fa flrgt hand work - n wood ftnc 



tion in the fall of 1891, with large workshops and care and u ^ e of too]s . gecond yeaT% machino work . t hi rt 



an academic department, having about the same vea)% }, and work j n me t a ls, casting, soldering, anc 



studies as the other high schools. The course is brazing ; fourth year, machine work in metals, stud.> 



optional, and over 260 boys are enrolled. The of steam engine and boilers. Girls have, first year, 



