1 



III 

 tl. 



MANUAL TUAININ(J. 



109 



MS voted $500, and no secured a like sum. 

 An inMnicior \va> engaged, who began in tin- sum- 

 mer a training school for the teachers, and with 

 III.' school year the system went into operation. 

 In isssthe people again voted $500, and a sec- 

 ond Miininer training school established the 

 eour-e in a thorough-going way. Two lessons of 

 about an hour an- gi\en each week, and till 

 pupils are instructed in drawing. The good re- 

 sults are -ecu in all the other Bcnool work. 



The Paterson IliLrh School has some similar in- 

 struction. 



York. The Normal School at New 



I'alt/. report^ that "two full sets of carpenters' 

 tools have INCH placed in the room set apart for 

 minimi training, and the room itself enlarged 

 Mid conveniently fitted up for work." Hut the 

 normal-school circular of the State Superintend- 

 ent does not show that this subject has any part 

 in the curriculum of the normal schools, and in 

 only two of the 120 or more reports for 1890 of 

 the county and district commissioners and city 

 ,nd village superintendents is any mention made 

 >f manual training. 



In Plattsburg, " drawing, form study, clay and 



,nd modeling, stick laying, paper cutting, and 

 pasting have been successfully pursued during 

 the past year," and " there is a growing demand 

 for an extension of manual training to tool work, 

 sewing, cooking, etc. The problem how to meet 

 the demand has not yet been solved." 



The Albany High School has many classes in 

 carpentry and industrial drawing. 



Jamestown public schools have sewing and 

 knitting in the primaries, and the privileges of 

 the workshop, sewing room, and printing office 

 are open to as many pupils as can be accommo- 

 dated. The pupils are selected according to 

 their fitness for this extra work. 



In Lansingburg there are classes in clay model- 

 ing, with special teachers. Mount Vernon, New- 

 burgh, and Olean have classes in carpentry. 



In the Hrooklyn public schools a few teachers 

 lave tried to start a movement toward the in- 

 troduction of manual training by such experi- 

 in'-nts as they could make at their own expense 

 and without interfering with the regular school 

 work, and in some instances these experiments 

 have met with success. 



The Pratt Institute, founded in 1887 and rich- 

 ly endowed by the late Charles Pratt, is a com- 

 prehensive industrial school, in which special 

 attention is given to manual training, beginning 

 with the kindergarten. There is a technical 

 high-school department, an art department, one 

 of dramatic science, one of commerce, one of 

 mechanic arts, and one of music, and a kinder- 

 garten for students of various ages and differ- 

 ing requirements and purposes. Tuition in all 

 is low. in some classes merely nominal. The 

 building and equipment are already extensive 

 and complete, and are to be enlarged and in- 

 creased. The arrangement and equipment, to 

 which the founder gave so much thought and 

 time, are elaborate. The halls, libraries, recita- 

 tion rooms, laboratories, and work rooms are fully 

 supplied with apparatus. The technical high 

 school affords an academic course arranged on a 

 manual-training >ystem. Hook work is the same 

 for boys and girls, but the manual work differs 

 from the beginning, excepting in some of the 



drawing. Hoys' work is under tlu-dircH-t join. f tlm 



department of mechanic, arts, girl*' work under 

 domestic economy. Thecourhc i> three year*. 



KIHHT YKAU. English language, rhetoric, algebra, 

 geometry, phyhi<i!og\, physical neo^raphv, v<n-al inn 

 r>ie, eliM-tition, supplementary n-u'liiivf. /'//////,<//.// 

 Koytand (lirl* : FTM-hcnd im<I iii.stnimcrital ironing 



drawing*; free-hvML modtl, nd cut drawing; eiuy 



mudding. ior tiirl*: Special work in drawing mid 

 design, in preparation lor wood carviinr, millincn. 

 nd OTCM msJung. Man mil Work for Hoy t : '. 

 work use of tool*, joinery, construction ; wood turn- 

 ing straight, iboulder, and molded; center turiiiiiL' 

 chucking; inside turning spinning simple Low Is 

 and cups j pattern niuking principles of molding; 

 draft halving, core boxes, building up. Manual \\--i-i- 

 fr tlirix: The various Htitclies and principles ol'liund 

 Hewing, making upron, talks on materials used, nm- 

 eliine stitching, ainl lie^inningH in cutting and urcss- 

 inuking; hygiene, lirst and second eouix > methods 

 of t reat inent in .-uddcn illness and accidt nte and care 

 of the sick. 



SECOND YEAH. General history and English his- 

 tory, or Latin, essay writing, geometry, trigonometry, 

 book keeping, physics, with laboratory practice, elo- 

 cution, vocal miisie. supplementary reading, physical 

 culture. Drawing: Perspective, architectural, elements 

 of design; und^/or6o^#, mechanical,./ or ^t'rAr, pen-and- 

 ink sketching. Manual Work Jor Hoys: Two-part 

 molding, core making, three-part molding, swept-up 

 work, ornamental pieces in bronze ; in forging man- 

 agement of fire, drawing, upsetting, forming, welding, 

 making steel tools, soldering, sheet-tin work, brazing. 

 Manual Work for Girl*: Wood carving, cutting ifiid 

 making drosses, talks on choice of materials, color, 

 and form. 



THIRD YEAR. English literature, civil government, 

 political science, French or Latin, essay writing, prin- 

 ciples of construction in physics, chemistry and met- 

 allurgy, with laboratory practice, vocal music, elocu- 

 tion, supplementary reading, physical culture. Draw- 

 ing for Itoye : Advanced mechanical drawing ; prob- 

 lems in construction. Drawing for Girls: Optional 

 work in the art department. Manual Work for 

 oys : Bench work chipping, filing, fitting, use of 

 taps and dies; machine-tool work theory or cutting 

 tools, turning, boring, screw-cutting ; general tool 

 work construction. Manual Work for Girls: Mil- 

 linery, selection of materials, lessons on form and 

 color, to trimming and making hats, bonnets, and 

 toques; cooking, making fire, care of utensils, the 

 chemical and nutritive properties of foods, prepara- 

 tion and cooking of dishes, table serving, and mar- 

 keting dress making cutting and making dress from 

 original design ; household economy the application 

 of scientific methods to practical housekeeping. 



The high-school course leads to the advanced 

 work of the high school, with its architectural 

 and mechanical drawing, applied design, wood 

 carving, and art-needlework courses, and to the 

 advanced work of the mechanic art school, with 

 its trade school and school of applied science and 

 technology. There were 3,232 pupils in the fall 

 and winter of 1891. 



In the latter part of 1886 the movement for 

 the adoption or trial of manual training for the 

 public schools of New York city took shape when 

 the Hoard of Education referred the general 

 subject to their Committee on the Course of 

 Study. The committee's re|x>rt. presented in 

 June, 1887, set forth the origin and development 

 of the subject-matter as a school study and the 

 history of its adaptation and use in this country, 

 and recommended the introduction of " what is 

 generally known as manual training" into the 

 city schools, or at first some of them, and pre- 





