492 



MANUAL TRAINING. 



ployed, a summer school in wood work and iron 

 work at the State College. A moderate annual 

 appropriation to such school districts as shall 

 establish manual training. That provision be 

 made for the introduction of drawing as a re- 

 quired study in every school in tue State ; and 

 to require every district, in subsequent build- 

 ings, to provide rooms for manual training, and 

 for the grouping of schools, and for special in- 

 structors. That there be a special deputy super- 

 intendent of public instruction as director of 

 manual training. That the system be introduced 

 into the reformatory institutions, and, in, case 

 any change be made in the provisions for main- 

 taining soldiers' orphan schools, at least wood 

 work for boys and sewing and cooking for girls 

 be introduced. This report has not yet been 

 fully acted upon by the Legislature. The Penn- 

 sylvania State College, though a manual labor 

 school of agriculture and the mechanic arts, pro- 

 vides a great deal of instruction upon manual 

 training lines for the first two years. 



Pittsburg, encouraged by the generous offer 

 of Henry Phipps, Jr., to provide a teacher, opened 

 a kitchen school for the training of young women 

 in the art of cooking, which has succeeded well. 

 Several small towns on Alleghany river have 

 made experiments in the simpler kinds of wood 

 and iron work. 



In Philadelphia the movement has assumed a 

 very considerable magnitude, and the school au- 

 thorities are making provision for its introduc- 

 tion into all the grades of the city schools. Sev- 

 eral institutions of a higher grade, for the edu- 

 cation of young men for the arts and industries, 

 have long existed here, and the excellent work 

 done by them has created a public sentiment in 

 favor of eye and hand training which does not 

 exist in most sections of the State. The first 

 manual training school for boys graduated its 

 first class in June, 1888. By that time there 

 were more than 300 pupils. The school was 

 crowded, and 30 applicants properly qualified 

 had to be turned away. A second school for 

 boys has been opened. 



Girard College Manual Training Department, 

 described in the former article, continues to suc- 

 ceed upon a strict adherence to the Russian sys- 

 tem, " training for instruction, not construction." 

 It has been found necessary to guard against too 

 much specializing and too much machinery. 



The Drexel Institute of Art, Science, and In- 

 dustry, founded in 1891 by Anthony J. Drexel, 

 with 'a gift of $2,000,000 "for building and en- 

 dowment, will, in January, 1892, open classes in 

 a normal department fitted for courses in manual 

 training. Tuition fees are extremely moderate, 

 and there are to be 160 scholarships in all ; 15 in 

 the manual training. 



Tidioute opened in 1888 what is often called 

 the industrial annex upon the public schools for 

 elective courses ; which are taken with much in- 

 terest and good results. 



Westchester opened a manual training room 

 in 1889; convenient, well-lighted, with deadened 

 floor and ceiling, and thoroughly well fitted up 

 for instructing 18 students at a 'time. This de- 

 partment is in excellent working order, and has 

 a two years' course open to boys of the senior 

 and junior high-school classes, and girls who ex- 

 pect to teach. There are 86 pupils, divided into 



6 classes, who have nearly two hoiirs a week at 

 the bench or lathe, and a half-hour at mechan- 

 ical drawing. 



The Wilkesbarre schools have joinery and 

 sewing. 



Rhode Island. Newport has made a begin- 

 ning in manual training under the Townsend 

 fund, and the Board of Education contemplates 

 the erection of a building to meet all the re- 

 quirements of a systematic course. A sewing 

 and cooking school, on manual training princi- 

 ples, has been maintained for several years chiefly 

 through the exertions of Miss Katherine Worme- 

 ley, and wood working has been introduced into 

 the boys' schools. 



Providence, in several of the grammar schools, 

 has lately given special attention to the teaching 

 of drawing. Instruction has been given in the 

 handling of tools, and a cooking school, with a 

 special teacher, has been arranged for certain of 

 the grammar schools. A new building for a 

 manual training high school is nearly completed. 



Bristol school board maintains a cooking 

 school. 



Pawtucket is about to build a new high school, 

 with provision for a manual training course. 



South Carolina. Claflin University, Orange- 

 burg, has a department of manual training. 

 Over $20,000 has been spent in supplying outfits 

 for the various industrial departments in which 

 these classes will be taught. The industrial 

 education work that the university is doing for 

 the colored people of the South is very great 

 and valuable. 



The Winthrop Training School for teachers, at 

 Columbia, provides normal instruction in mnmid 

 training. This school is exclusively for young 

 women who already have a good education, and 

 only those who intend to teach are wanted there. 



Virginia. In the Virginia Agricultural and 

 Mechanical College, at Blacksburg, there is sys- 

 tematic instruction in drawing and in the use of 

 iron-working tools upon the method of the St. 

 Louis Manual Training School. The course 

 runs through three years, and averages six hours' 

 work a week. 



The Miller Manual Labor School of Albemarle, 

 Crozet Station, also has instruction on the plan 

 of the St. Louis school. The complete course is 

 four years. 



Washington. The Seattle High School has 

 an industrial course, which is such a modifica- 

 tion of the scientific course as provides for work 

 in shop and laboratory. Mechanical drawing 

 and wood work are fairly started and obtaining 

 good results, even with imperfect facilities. A 

 complete course has been arranged similar to 

 those in the older manual training schools of the 

 country, with wood carving and domestic econ- 

 omy for girls. The object is not to teach any 

 trade, but to train the hands and eyes of the pupils 

 while their minds are being developed, and to 

 interest them in the direction of manual labor, 

 domestic duties, and the accompanying sciences. 



Wisconsin. In Appleton mamial training 

 was introduced into the Ryan High School in 

 1889. There is a course in drawing, including 

 working drawings obtained from the manufact- 

 urers of the city ; carpentry, for which there is a 

 workshop for 15 boys at a time; forging, and 

 wood carving for the girls. 



