NAVY OF TIIK VMTKD STATES. 



541 



armor deck forward has been increased from 2 to 

 :{ inrlie.-. 



Coa>t-dci'. I No. 2 will not 1)0 built, 



a* tin- art authorizing her construction has In in 

 iled. 



Protected crui-er No. (5, building at the t'nii-n 

 Iron Works, San l-'ranci^co. i- officially detiffMt- 

 ed as iinarmoivil, but tin- protective deck is 44 

 inches thick on the slopes abreast the boilers via 

 engines the guns of the main battery are pro- 

 tected bv turrets and harU'ttes or segmental 

 shields, all of 4 inches I hick ness, and the (i- pound- 

 ers of the secondary battery have 2-inch shields. 

 A belt of water-excluding material 2 feet 9 inches 

 thick is worked above the protective deck, com- 

 pletely surrounding the ship at the water-line. 

 The space between the protective and berth 

 drrks is subdivided as usual into a large number 

 of compartments, and much of it is filled with 

 coal, giving additional protection. As in the 

 " New York," the machinery of this cruiser has 

 been given sufficient weight to insure a high 

 sustained sea speed nearly approaching the prob- 

 able maximum performance over the usual trial 

 course. The complement of -officers and men is 

 4iii. Cruiser No. 6 will be completed about 

 July, 1893. 



Protected cruisers Xo. 12 and 13, practically 

 indentical in design, are unique in type. The 

 leading features are speed and radius of action. 

 The anticipated maximum speed is 22 knots ; 

 sustained sea speed, 21 knots ; and the horse- 

 power corresponding is 21,000 and 16,400, re- 

 spectively. This power is divided between three 

 sets of engines and three screws One is in the 

 usual position for a single screw vessel, and the 

 others are farther forward, as in twin-screw 

 ships. The protection to the vitals consists of 

 a complete protective deck 4 inches thick on 

 the slopes over boilers and engines, 2*5 inches 

 thick forward and abaft : second, of a coffer-dam 

 or belt of water-excluding material 5 feet thick 

 and cellular subdivision ; lastly, coal protection. 

 The guns of the main battery are protected by 

 4-inoh and 2-inch shields, and the 6-pounders 

 also by 2 inches. The coal supply is very large, 

 about 2,400 tons, sufficient for about 31,500 nau- 

 tical miles at 10 knots. Being intended for 

 commerce destroyers, they were designed to rep- 

 resent merchant steamers as closely as possible : 

 military tops have therefore been omitted, and 

 the sponsons for the battery are inconspicuous. 

 Both cruisers will be completed during 1893. 



The " Cincinnati " and " Raleigh " are twin- 

 screw protected cruisers with thick protective 

 decks, high speed, and powerful batteries of 

 rapid-fire guns. The single 6-inch is mounted 

 on the forecastle ; two 5-inch are placed on the 

 poop, one on each side ; the other eight are in 

 sponsons, two under the poop, two under the 

 forecastle, and four in broadside. They are well- 

 decked vessels, i. e., having poop and forecastle, 

 but with the waist or central portion uncovered. 

 The protective deck is 2-5 inches thick on the 

 slope over the machinery spaces and 2 inches at 

 the ends. A coffer-dam, or belt of woodite, will 

 be worked above the protective deck next the 

 outside plating in the coal-bunkers; the usual 

 coal protection is afforded. The "Cincinnati " 

 is building at the New York Navy Yard, and the 

 " Raleigh " at Norfolk, as no bids were received 



from private part ie* within the limit of cort pre- 

 scrilied bv law. Moth will he launched in JN02. 



Tho "hetroit," " Montgomery," and -rui*. r 

 No. 11 are twin-screw, well-decked crm- 

 2,000 tons each, with water-tight Meel deck. 

 eleven sixteenths of an inch thick, coal protec- 

 tion, and partial wood it < l-lt. Our ((-inch gun 

 is mounted on the forecastle and one on the 

 poop; the 5-inch are in sponson-. four on each 

 side, with lx>w and stern fire for the forward 

 and after pair, respectively. These vessels will 

 probably all he completed (luring 1 s 



The " Machias " and gunboat No. are twin- 

 screw, well-decked vessels of 1.050 ton* with 

 water-tight deck, coal protection, and partial 

 woodite belt. On the forecastle is mounted one 

 4-inch gun, on the poop another; the remaining 

 six are in sponsons, two under the forecastle 

 with bow fire, two under the noop jvith stern 

 fire, and one on each side amidships. The com- 

 plement of oflicers and men is 150. Both vessels 

 should be ready for service during the summer 

 of 1892. 



The practice cruiser is designed for use at the 

 Naval Academy. She is a twin-screw, well- 

 decked gunboat of 835 tons, barkentine rig, with 

 5,000 square feet spread of canvas. Quarters 

 are provided for a captain, 8 wardroom officers 

 and 120 cadets and men. She will be completed 

 during 1892. 



The harbor-defense ram is from a design 

 by Rear-Admiral Daniel Ammen, U. S. N. The 

 armor is arranged in the form of a "turtle- 

 back," 6 inches thick at the water-line and 2'5 

 inches on the crown. The conning tower is 

 18 inches, and all hatches and ventilators and 

 the smoke-pipe have armored bases. When 

 ready for action the ram is submerged to fight- 

 ing trim by admitting water into the double 

 bottom. The only projections above the armor 

 deck are the conning tower, smoke-pipe, ventila- 

 tors, and boat supports. The contract time for 

 delivery is .Inly, 1892, and she should be ready 

 for service very soon afterward. 



The design for torpedo cruiser No. 1 is laid 

 aside, awaiting further action by Congress. It 

 was found impossible to build her within the 

 limit of cost prescribed by law. 



Armor. The development of armor manu- 

 facture in the United States has been unin- 

 terruptedly successful. From its inception, in 

 1887 (see "Annual Cyclopaxlia" for 1888, page 

 794), to the present time the progress has been 

 remarkable. When the first new .-hips were 

 begun in 1882 no establishment in this country 

 was able to turn out iron plates of over five 

 inches thickness. The wise policy of the Navy 

 Department in giving the first call for modern 

 armor in one large contract enabled the Bethle- 

 hem Iron Company to perfect its plant and ac- 

 quire the secrets of armor manufacture from 

 abroad. In November, 1890, Secretary Tracy, 

 finding that the amount of armor required for 

 the new ships was far in excess of what tin- 

 Bethlehem Company could produce within the 

 necessary time, entered into a contract with 

 Carnegie, Phipps & Co., of Pittsburg. who. 

 in consideration of an order for 5,900 tons of 

 armor plates, agreed to adapt their plant for 

 armor production and to Itegin deliveries within 

 a few months. Their establishment is now fully 



