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OBITUARIES, AMERICAN. (LEE LEJDY.) 



ate army, and during the war served successively in 

 every grade from captain to major-general. In June, 

 1863, he was wounded at Brandy Station ; later in the 

 year he was captured in Hanover County, Va., and 

 was confined as a hostage nearly a year in Fort Mon- 

 roe and in Fort Lafayette, New York harbor ; in 1864 

 was exchanged; and he afterward commanded a 

 division till the final surrender at Appomattox. He 

 resided on his plantation from 1865 till 1874, when he 

 removed to Burke's Station. In 1875 he was elected 

 to the State Senate, and in 1886, 1888, and 1890 was 

 elected to Congress from the 8th Virginia District as 

 a Democrat. He served as a member of the commiU 

 tees on the District of Columbia, on Expenditures in 

 the State Department, on Accounts, and on Real-Es- 

 tate Purchases by District Commissioners. 



Lee, William Eaymond, military officer, born in 

 Marblehead, Mass., Aug. 15, 1807 ; died in Roxbury, 

 Mass., Dec. 26, 1891. He was a grandson of Col. 

 William Raymond Lee, of the Revolutionary army, 

 and was educated at the United States Military Acad- 

 emy in the class of 1829, but was obliged to leave 

 before graduation. Subsequently he became a civil 

 engineer and Superintendent of the Boston and Provi- 

 dence Railroad. At the beginning of the civil war he 

 tendered his services to Gov. Andrew, who appointed 

 him colonel of the 20th Regiment of Massachusetts 

 Volunteers. On Oct. 21. 1861, he was taken prisoner 

 during the battle of Ball's Blutf, and for several months 

 he was confined in Richmond as a hostage for Con- 

 federate privateersmen who had been captured by 

 the national forces. After the Federal Government 

 had agreed to treat the privateersmen as ordinary 

 prisoners of war, Col. Lee was exchanged, and soon 

 rejoined his regiment. He commanded it in the 

 principal battles fought by the Army_ of the Potomac 

 till that of Fredericksburg, distinguished himself at 

 Fair Oaks, and at Glendale commanded three regi- 

 ments, and was severely injured by a horse falling on 

 him. After he had served through the Antietam 

 campaign his injuries forced him to resign, and he 

 retired with the brevet rank of brigadier-general, 

 for gallantry at Antietam and during the war. 



Leidy, Joseph, naturalist, born in Philadelphia, Pa., 

 Sept. 9, 1823 ; died there, April 30, 1891. His ances- 

 tors were of German descent, and he was destined by 

 his parents to be an artist, but an early fondness for 

 botany and mineralogy led to his passing his leisure 



in a wholesale drug store, where he further acquired a 

 knowledge of pharmacy and chemistry, to which he 

 added comparative anatomy. With this foundation 

 he began in 1840 the study of medicine under Dr. 

 Paul B. Goddard, and was graduated from the medi- 

 cal department of the University of Pennsylvania in 



1844. Immediately he became assistant to Robert 

 1 1 arc and James B. Rogers in the chemical laboratories 

 of the university, and also began the practice of med- 

 icine. The latter he discontinued in 1846 in order 

 to devote himself exclusively to teaching. Mean- 

 while, in 1845, he became prosector to the chair of 

 Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania, then 

 held by Dr. William E. Homer, and in 1846 was 

 elected demonstrator of anatomy in the Franklin 

 Medical College, but this he relinquished after a sin- 

 gle term in order to return to Dr. Homer, with whom 

 he gave a private course of anatomical lectures in 

 1847 ; also in 1848 he visited Europe with Dr. Homer, 

 examining the museums and hospitals there. In 1849 

 he began a course of lectures on physiology at the 

 Medical Institute, but failing health compelled him 

 to give these up, and in 1850 he again visited Europe 

 in order to aid Dr. George B. Wood in forming the 

 collection of specimens and models used in the de- 

 partment of materia medica. Owing to Dr. Homer's 

 illness in 1852, he was called to deliver the lectures 

 in that department, and in 1853, on the death of his 

 associate, he was elected to the full possession of the 

 chair of Anatomy, which post, together with that of 

 honorary dean of the medical faculty, he held until his 

 death. During the civil war he entered the United 

 States Volunteer Service and was contract surgeon 

 in the Satterlee General Hospital in Philadelphia, Pa. 

 His special duty was to report on the more impor- 

 tant post-mortem examinations, and several of his re- 

 ports with his own drawings were published in the 

 '' Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion.." 

 In 1871 he was chosen Professor of Natural History to 

 Swarthmore College, and in 1884, on the establishment 

 of the department of biology and the auxiliary de- 

 partment of medicine in the University of Pennsyl- 

 vania, he was made its director. He also held the 

 chair of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in the 

 faculty of the college department in the University. 

 Prof. Leidy was an accomplished draughtsman ; and 

 in 1844, when Dr. Amos Binney began the publication 

 of his great work on the " Terrestrial Air-breathing 

 Mollusks of the United States," he selected Prof 

 Leidy to dissect and draw the internal organs of the 

 species that were to be described. The result was the 

 production of -16 plates giving the anatomy of 38 

 species of native mollusks and the chapter entitled 

 " Special Anatomy of the Terrestrial Mollusks of the 

 United States." In 1847 he published his first palee- 

 ontological paper, " On the Fossil Horse of America," 

 in which he clearly established the existence of a 

 species, for which he proposed the name of " Equus 

 Americanus." This subject, with later discoveries in 

 the hands of Thomas II. Huxley and Othniel C. 

 Marsh, has been largely used as a demonstration of 

 the theory of evolution. His work in this direction 

 included the determination of the former existence of 

 a tropical climate on the Western slope in which 

 lived varieties of lion, tiger, camel, rhinoceros, and 

 other forms of animals having no living representa- 

 tives in the United States. Many of the earlier 

 specimens obtained on the various surveys under the 

 United States Government were submitted to him for 

 study and report. His earlier work in palaeontology 

 had to do with the larger forms, but in recent years 

 he devoted himself to the lower orders. Prof. Leidy 

 received the Walker prize of $1,000 from the Boston 

 Society of Natural History in 1880, and the Lyell 

 medal with the sum of 25 from the Geological Soci- 

 ety of London " in recognition of his valuable contri- 

 butions to palaeontology " in 1884, and the degree of 

 LL. D. was conferred upon him by Harvard in 1886. 

 He was elected to the Academy of Natural Sciences 

 of Philadelphia in 1845, and from 1846 till his death 

 held the office of chairman of curators and that of presi- 

 dent, subsequent to 1882. In 1849 he was elected to 

 the American Philosophical Society, and was an asso- 

 ciate fellow of the American Academy of Arts and 

 Sciences. He was chosen to the National Academy of 

 Sciences in 1884, and was a member of other scientific 

 societies in this country and abroad. The titles of his 



