674 



OBITUARIES, FOEEIGN. (HAUSSMANN INGLIS.) 



larger work, which appeared in 1859 under the title 

 of " The Election of Representatives, Parliamentary 

 and Municipal," more familiarly known as " Hare on 

 Representation." In it he unfolded a scheme of pref- 

 erential and proportional representation, designed 

 to secure the separate representation of various in- 

 terests and give minorities a proportional voice in 

 governing bodies, which gained and still has ad- 

 vocates in many countries. 



Haussmann, Baron Georges Engine, a French adminis- 

 trator, born in Paris in 1806 ; died there, Jan. 11, 1891. 

 His father served under Napoleon in the commissariat 

 department, was made a baron, and became a journal- 

 ist and writer on agriculture. The son studied in the 

 Conservatoire with the idea of becoming a singer, 

 afterward qualified for the bar, and then entered the 

 civil service ; was a subprefect at Nerac and other 

 places from 1833 till 1848, then prefect successively of 

 the Var, the Yonne, and the Gironde, and in 1853 was 

 made prefect of the Seine and transferred to Paris, 

 where lie planned and carried out vast works for the 

 sanitation, betterment, and embellishment of the cap- 

 ital, including the improvement of the Bois de Bou- 

 logne and the park 01 Vincennes, the establishment 

 of public gardens, the prolongation of the Rue de 

 Kivoli, the cutting of new boulevards, the construc- 

 tion of barracks, churches, bridges, fountains, theatres, 

 the new opera house, etc. Besides these splendid 

 works he transformed the system of sewers and water 

 supply, the hospitals and asylums, and the markets 

 and slaughter-houses. He was first called to Paris as 

 a partisan of Louis Napoleon, for whom he had pre- 

 pared an enthusiastic reception when prefect at Bor- 

 deaux. As soon as he was installed in the Hotel de 

 Ville he sent for M. Alphand, an engineer at Bordeaux, 

 who worked out in technical detail his gigantic 

 scheme for rebuilding Paris. The Emperor author- 

 ized the enormous expenditure, and entered heartily 

 into Haussmann's plans, and the public bore the 

 heavy burdens willingly. Nothing did more to make 

 the empire popular than the splendors of the new 

 Paris, which were imitated in other cities. The 

 transformation was not accomplished without doing 

 violence to private rights and public laws. Still, the 

 illegalities and irregularities of the expedients were 

 condoned until the empire lost its prestige. Jules 

 Ferry's pamphlet entitled " Comptes Fantastiques de 

 M. Haussmann" (1868), a parody on the "Opntes Fan- 

 tastiques de Hoffmann," was a telling diatribe against 

 the financial jugglery. The Cour des Comptes ob- 

 jected to some of his devices^ forcing M. Ilaussmann 

 to request that the Paris budget be submitted to the 

 Chamber, and when M. Olhvier formed a Liberal 

 ministry in January, 1870, he was dismissed, since he 

 refused to resign. He enjoyed a pension of 6,000 

 francs for the rest of his fife. His popularity long 

 outlasted the empire. He was a Senator from 1857 

 till the fall of the Empire and a Bonapartist Deputy 

 for Corsica from 1877 till 1881. In 1871 he was ap- 

 pointed director of the Credit Mobilier, and did much 

 to restore the credit of that concern. 



Hawkshaw, Sir John, an English engineer, born in 

 Leeds in 1811 ; died in London, June 2, 1891. He was 

 a pupil of Alexander Nimmo, and in 1831 he went to 

 manage the Bolivar copper mines in South America. 

 Eeturning to England at the end of three years, he 

 became engineer of the Manchester and Bolton canal 

 and railway, and constructed nearly the whole of the 

 system, now the Lancashire and Yorkshire. So early 

 and great a success led to his being associated with 

 many important undertakings. His chief work was the 

 Severn tunnel, which was thirteen years under con- 

 struction and would have been abandoned on account 

 of the constant and copious inflow of water by anv en- 

 gineer less ingenious and persevering. He was Presi- 

 dent of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1862-'63. 

 was knighted in 1873, and presided over the British 

 Association at Bristol in 1875. In 1870 he first 

 broached the project of a Channel tunnel. The 

 Penarth harbor and dock in Cardiff Roads, the Lon- 

 donderry bridge, the line of railway between Charing 



Cross and Cannon Street with the two bridges across, 

 the Thames, the East London Railway, the Albert 

 Dock at Hull, and the foundation of the new forts at 

 Spithead are among Sir J. Ilawkshaw's many memor- 

 able works in England; while of those which he con- 

 structed elsewhere the most important are the Riga 

 and Dunaburg and the Dunaburg and Witepsk rau 

 ways in Russia, the Government railways in Mauri- 

 tius, and the great ship canal from Amsterdam to the 

 North Sea. 



Haynald, Ludwig, a Hungarian prelate, born in Szec- 

 seny, Oct. 3, 1816; died, July 4, 1891. He was brill- 

 iantly accomplished and held a high rank in Hun- 

 gary, not only as an ecclesiastic, but as a statesman, a 

 diplomatist, an orator, a scholar, and an author. Be- 

 coming Bishop of Siebenbiirgen in 1852, he had a 

 conflict with the Austrian Government in 1862 over 

 the question of reorganizing a separate Transylvanian 

 Diet, and as he persisted in declaring it unconsti- 

 tutional he was deposed and went into exile, being 

 appointed by the Pope Archbishop of Carthage. 

 When dualism was established in 1868 he returned to 

 Hungary, and soon afterward was made Archbishop of 

 Kalocsa, one of the very wealthy sees. In 1869 he ac- 1 

 quired European notoriety by opposing in the Roman 

 Council the doctrine of infallibility. He was created 

 a cardinal on May 12, 1879. He gave largely out of 

 his revenues for charitable and educational purposes^ 

 established the Haynald fund for the advancement ot 

 science and literature, which has expended 5,000 florins- 

 for endowments, and gave to the National Museum 

 his library and celebrated herbarium. Cardinal 

 Haynald was Tisza's confidential adviser in ecclesias- 

 tical affairs and an intermediary in delicate negotia- 

 tions with the Vatican and the court at Vienna. He 

 presided ten times over the Hungarian delegation. 



Henessy, Sir John Pope, an Irish administrator and 

 politician, born in Cork in 1834; died in Youghal r 

 Oct. 7, 1891. He was the son of an Irish landlord, 

 and was educated at Queen's College, Cork, and called 

 to the bar in the Inner Temple in 1861. Two years- 

 later he presented himself on an original platform, 

 calling himself a Catholic Conservative, to the con- 

 stituency of King's County, and was elected to Par- 

 liament. He was an active and efficient supporter of" 

 the Conservative party, and moreover interested him- 

 self in the mines' regulation bill and other philan- 

 thropic measures, proposed the reclamation of bogs 

 for the benefit of the poor of Ireland, and earned the 

 gratitude of the Catholic, by carrying through the 

 prison ministers' bill. On English Church questions- 

 he supported the Government, while attacking the 

 system of national education introduced into Ireland. 

 His rebellion against party discipline in this and 

 other matters led to his being relegated to the colonial 

 service. He was sent first to administer Labuan, and 

 from there to West Africa.a year later to the Baha- 

 mas, and thence to the Windward Islands. Sent 

 next to Hong-Kong, where his sympathy for the na- 

 tives got him into trouble with his superiors, who- 

 transferred him to Mauritius with still more awkward 

 consequences. Espousing the cause of the Catholic 

 French Creoles, he became involved in a conflict with 

 Clifford Lloyd, his secretary, and Sir Hercules Robin- 

 son, who was sent to arbitrate, gave him a nominal but 

 not a real justification. Retiring on a pension he re- 

 turned with health broken by his long residence in 

 tropical climes, but his old restless thirst for action, 

 and soon plunged into the Irish muddle by accepting 

 the Clerical Anti-Parnellite nomination for North 

 Kilkenny. He was elected by a majority of two to 

 one, but took little part in the debates of Parliament. 



Inglis, John, a Scottish jurist, born in Edinburgh in 

 1810; died at his country seat near that city, Aug. 20, 

 1891. He was the son of'a Presbvterian divine. After 

 passing through the Edinburgh High School, he went 

 "to the University of Glasgow, and thence to Balliol 

 College, Oxford, where he was graduated B. A. in 

 1834 and M. A. in 1837, having in the mean time been 

 admitted, in 1835, to the Scottish bar. He rose with 

 great rapidity, and in 1852 his rank was such that he 



